Geochemical constraint on origin and evolution of solutes in geothermal springs in western Yunnan, China

Zhang, Yanfei; Tan, Hongbing; Zhang, Wenjie; Wei, Hai-Zhen; Dong, Tao

doi:10.1016/j.chemer.2015.11.002

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…These ratios show that the majority of the waters are enriched in the Light Rare Earth Elements (La-Eu, LREE) whereas they are poor in terms of the Heavy Rare Earth Elements (Gd-Lu, HREE) ( Figures 4b, d, f and h). Similar to many other studies in the literature in recent years (Gammons et al, 2005;Shakeri et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2016;Bragin et al, 2018) the TDS amounts and ∑REE values have increased in SGF, IGF and AGF waters with increasing temperature. AGF waters, which are basic in character (pH ~9) compared to other sites, have very low TDS amounts (~97 mg/L) despite the measured high temperature (55°C).…”

Section: -Rare Earth Elements (Rees) and Yttriumsupporting

confidence: 87%

Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium Geochemistry of Eastern Black Sea Region (Ordu, Rize, Artvin) Geothermal Fields

Temizel¹,

Gültekin²,

Ersoy³

2018

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

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In this study, behavior and migration processes of rare earth elements (REEs) were determined in the thermal and cold waters of the geothermal fields in the Eastern Black Sea Region.The temperatures of the geothermal waters are between the range of 38 and 60 °C. The water types are Na-Ca-SO 4 for Sarmaşık (Ordu) field, Na-Ca-HCO 3 for Ikizdere (Rize) field, Na-Ca-CO 3-SO 4 , for Ayder (Rize) field and Na-HCO 3-Cl for Savsat (Artvin) field. All geothermal fields are in alkaline geothermal character (pH: 7-9.3) and have very low REE + Y concentrations, slightly significant Ce contens and significantly positive Eu anomalies (except for Ayder geothermal field). REE+Y content, fractionation and positive Eu anomalies of the investigated water are controlled by water/rock ratio, pH and minerals in the host rocks. According to the thermodynamic calculations, it was determined that the mobility of the REEs in geothermal fields were mainly controlled by Ln 3+ , LnOH 2+ , LnCl 2+ , Ln(SO 4) 2-, LnSO 4 + , LnHCO 3 2+ , Ln(CO 3) 2 and LnCO 3 + complexes.

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Section: -Rare Earth Elements (Rees) and Yttriumsupporting

confidence: 87%

Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium Geochemistry of Eastern Black Sea Region (Ordu, Rize, Artvin) Geothermal Fields

Temizel¹,

Gültekin²,

Ersoy³

2018

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

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“…9); this may reflect origination from meteoric water or from surface water recharge mixed with deep circulation waters (or stronger water-rock interaction). Data from geothermal waters in Tengchong fall into the Na-HCO 3 -SO 4 field, very close to the HCO 3 -endmember, which may reflect sedimentary lithologies characterized by SM rocks and carbonatites (Zhang et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2016). It can be concluded that spring waters from the Nangqian-Changdu-Lanping-Simao basin share geochemical affinities, but are quite different from those of Tengchong.…”

Section: Sources Of Dissolved Solutes 521 Inference From Hydrochemimentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Marine carbonate rocks and Benriched volcanic rocks are the main sources of the B in the springs from the Tibet geothermal belt and Nangqen Basin, similar to the springs of the Changdu-Simao Basin. The B in thermal waters from the Western Yunnan geothermal belt is mainly controlled by the leaching of reservoir host rocks (large granitic batholiths and metamorphic rocks) and by magmatic fluids from shallow magma (Zhang et al, 2016). Thus, the B in springs from the Western Yunnan geothermal belt has both crustal and mantle sources, which differs from the B sources of springs in the CD-LP-SM.…”

Section: Comparison With Springs Worldwidementioning

confidence: 98%

“…10. Boron (B) isotopic compositions in nature (Han et al, 2016;Lü et al, 2014;Xiao et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2016). Western Yunnan geothermal belt are close to RL1, which indicates that their B mainly originates from the interaction of crustal-derived volcanics and marine carbonates.…”

Section: Inference From Boron Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Springs in the Tibet geothermal belt, Western Yunnan geothermal belt, and Nangqen Basin exhibit varying δ 11 B values, ranging from −16.0‰ to +13.1‰, −9.45‰ to +1.54‰, and +3.55‰ to +29.59‰, respectively; their corresponding B contents range from 0.36ppm to 472.4ppm, 0.02ppm to 10.44ppm, and 1ppm to 174.77ppm (Lü et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2016). These values indicate terrestrial B similar to those of springs in the Changdu-Simao Basin.…”

Section: Comparison With Springs Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical Constraints on the Origin and Evolution of Spring Waters in the Changdu‐Lanping‐Simao Basin, Southwestern China

Qin

Zhang

et al. 2019

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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Chemical and isotopic data were measured for 51 leached brine springs in the Changdu‐Lanping‐Simao Basin (CD‐LP‐SM), China. The predominance of Cl and Na, saturation indices of carbonate minerals, and Na/Cl and Ca/SO4 ratios of ∼1 suggest that halite, sulphate, and carbonate are the solute sources. Integration of geochemical, δ18O, and δD values suggests that springs are mainly derived from meteoric water, ice‐snow melt, and water‐rock interactions. B concentrations range from 0.18 to 11.9 mg/L, with δ11B values of –4.37‰ to +32.39‰, indicating a terrestrial source. The δ11B‐B relationships suggest B sources of crustal origin (marine carbonates with minor crust‐derived volcanics); we did not identify a marine or deep mantle origin. The δ11B values of saline springs (+4.61‰ to +32.39‰) exceed those of hot (–4.37‰ to +4.53‰) and cold (–3.47‰ to +14.84‰) springs; this has contributed to strong water‐rock interactions and strong saturation of dissolved carbonates. Conversely, the global geothermal δ11B‐Cl/B relationship suggests mixing of marine and non‐marine sources. The δ11B‐Cl/B relationships of the CD‐LP‐SM are similar to those of the Tibet geothermal belt and the Nangqen Basin, indicating the same B origin. These differ from thermal waters controlled by magmatic fluids and seawater, suggesting that B in CD‐LP‐SM springs has a crustal origin.

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Uranium enrichment associated with geothermal alteration: An example from Rehai, Tengchong volcanic area of China

2022

Geological Journal

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For the continental rift‐related geothermal system, the hydrothermal alteration zones are rarely studied for uranium exploration. High uranium concentrations (up to 36 ppm) are shown in the altered sandstones at the Rehai geothermal field (RHGF) in Tengchong, China. To demonstrate the uranium enrichment mechanism, this study comparatively examines the trace element (uranium in particular) and rare earth element (REE + Y) concentrations of hot spring water, spring deposits (sinters and sulphates), and altered host sandstones from the RHGF of the Tengchong volcanic area. Along the central north‐south trending fault at Rehai, sinters and sulphates are precipitated from hot spring water, and the Neogene sandstones have been altered by hydrothermal fluids into zones formed of various clay minerals. The δD and δ18O values for the hot spring water indicate that the geothermal water originates from meteoric water. The spring water and hot spring deposits have identical REE distribution patterns which are featured with heavy REE (HREE) enrichment and negative Eu anomalies. Among the hot spring deposits, the yellowish earthy aggregates (tamarugite) deposited at the acidic Zhenzhu Spring have the maximum U concentration (27 ppm). The altered sandstones at Rehai, however, display the highest U concentrations (14–36 ppm). The U enrichment in the hot spring deposits and altered host rocks at the Rehai geothermal field is probably related to the multiple cycles of uranium leaching from granites, transportation upward along fault structures by geothermal water, decompression, and fixation in the hot spring deposits and/or alteration products. The results indicate that alteration zones associated with geothermal systems are also potential targets for uranium exploration.

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Geochemical constraint on origin and evolution of solutes in geothermal springs in western Yunnan, China

Cited by 32 publications

References 61 publications

Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium Geochemistry of Eastern Black Sea Region (Ordu, Rize, Artvin) Geothermal Fields

Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium Geochemistry of Eastern Black Sea Region (Ordu, Rize, Artvin) Geothermal Fields

Geochemical Constraints on the Origin and Evolution of Spring Waters in the Changdu‐Lanping‐Simao Basin, Southwestern China

Uranium enrichment associated with geothermal alteration: An example from Rehai, Tengchong volcanic area of China

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