Geochemical and organic petrographic characteristics of low-rank coals from Thar coalfield in the Sindh Province, Pakistan

Abbasnejad, Ahmad; Hakimi, Mohammed Hail; Chaudhry, Muhammad Nawaz

doi:10.1007/s12517-014-1524-6

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Some huminites are identified as textinite, possibly preserved in low pH conditions within forested peatlands or wet bogs (Diessel, 2012). A significant amount of liptinite (Figure 16d) and a meagre amount of inertinite manifested the palaeodepositional environment as mainly topogenous mires deposited under anaerobic conditions, with limited thermal and oxidative tissue destruction (Ahmad et al, 2015). Therefore, it is assumed that organic carbon in these sediments is only terrestrial organic matter without marine biogenic carbonates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiproxy analysis constraining climatic control over the Cenozoic depositional history of Kachchh, Western India

Chaudhuri

Srivastava

et al. 2022

Geological Journal

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A well‐developed 86 m‐thick Cenozoic sedimentary succession in the Matanomadh area, western Kachchh, was studied to assess the stratigraphic positions of different units, ascertain depositional environments, and the degree of climatic controls over time depositional processes. Age‐diagnostic nannoplankton species Cyclicargolithus floridanus (46.29–12.1 Ma), Reticulofenestra dictyoda (53–30.8 Ma), Reticulofenestra minuta (50.5–2.59 Ma) and foraminiferal species, for example, Orbulinoides beckmanni (41–39.5 Ma) found across studied units envisage the stratigraphic age and palaeoenvironment. CaO with strong negative elemental correlation, binary/ternary discriminant tectonic and depositional regimes cross‐plot from units indicate the biogenic origin of limestones and shales were formed in typical passive, marginal, shallow littoral settings with plausible detritus influx from Deccan basaltic provenance. Total organic carbon with TE‐REE respectively connotes a sedimentation process in a nearly consistent open shallow marine, locally transient semi‐restricted marginal basin in a tropical‐equatorial region. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) of weathering indices based on elemental abundance and X‐ray diffraction data of clays deterministically suggest with empirical relation between humid tropical climate‐induced weathering and fluctuant terrestrial influx. Palaeoredox indices with biological data demonstrate localized redox‐stratified conditions. However, coherent signatures of the global events such as Eocene Thermal Maximum‐2, Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum, and Mid Miocene Climatic Optimum can be traced and validated by synthesizing geochemical data for direct/indirect estimation of sediment routing, rainfall (αAlMg and αAlCa) and climate proxies (PCA), productivity indices (Babio, Cubio and Nibio), and localized periodic oxic‐dysoxic environment (V/Cr, U/Th, Ni/Co) from core samples.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiproxy analysis constraining climatic control over the Cenozoic depositional history of Kachchh, Western India

Chaudhuri

Srivastava

et al. 2022

Geological Journal

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“…According to Shah (1969), the Khyber Block and Samana Block are the two tectonic blocks that intersect each other in the study areas. The Khyber Block is situated in the north and the Samana Block lies to the south and is known as the Bara Thrust zone (Shah, 1969;Ahmad et al, 2015;Yaseen et al, 2021). The Bara Thrust on the eastern side lies between the Lockhart Formation and Murree Formation, Latif et al, 2002).…”

Section: Study Area and Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pakistan has rare energy resource production and capabilities, especially oil, gas, and coal, however, there is a huge amount of lignite coal resources located in the Thar region of Sindh. These undeveloped coal resources play only a 10% role in the energy provided to the country, while the extraction will be higher than the benefits (Ahmad et al, 2015). Pakistan has massive deposits of unexplored coal located in different regions i.e., Kohat, Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab, and Kashmir (Ahmad et al, 2015;Sameeni and Mahmood, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These undeveloped coal resources play only a 10% role in the energy provided to the country, while the extraction will be higher than the benefits (Ahmad et al, 2015). Pakistan has massive deposits of unexplored coal located in different regions i.e., Kohat, Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab, and Kashmir (Ahmad et al, 2015;Sameeni and Mahmood, 2016). Pakistani coal is spread over an area of about 9,000 km 2 with coal of about 175,000 million tons (Mt).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical investigation and modes of occurrence of critical elements and minerals in the coal of Akkakhel, Akhorwal, and Sheikhan, KP, Pakistan

et al. 2022

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The present study probed the quantity of critical elements and minerals in Akkakhel, Akhorwal, and Sheikhan coal deposits located in Kohat, Pakistan. For this purpose, thirteen coalmines were sampled for the determination of critical elements and minerals in coal. The results showed that the critical elements in the coal namely, magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), silver (Ag), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), sulfur (S), and lead (Pb) were relatively higher than the world's coal and upper continental crust. The higher concentration of critical elements is attributed to the spinel group, sulfides, carbonates, and clay minerals. In all the coalfields, quartz and pyrite minerals' existence and mode of occurrence were common in Akkakhel, Akhorwal, and Sheikhan coalmines. The minerals namely, anatase, gibbsite, calcite, periclase, and palygorskite minerals were common in Akhorwal and Sheikhan coalmines. The critical elements were associated with montmorillonite, potassium sulfide, sillimanite, hematite, chalcopyrite, illite, goldichite, spinel, phengite, sphalerite, dolomite, ilmenite, and siderite minerals. Moreover, the identification of mineral phases through SEM and XRD analysis results in the reduction of sulfur to a considerable level through the froth flotation technique, which limits the SOx emission to the atmosphere. The data obtained during this study will be useful for the industries such as energy, power, space technology, and cement manufacturing. However, sustainable mining, extraction of minerals, and utilization of mining wastes will limit the negative impacts on the environment.

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“…Ahmad et al presented the chemical composition of Thar coal and proposed to conduct surface gasification and liquefaction of hydrocarbon contents of coal. Ahmad et al also investigated the geochemical and organic characteristics of the low rank coal from Thar coalfield. John presented a report regarding the occurrence of coalbed methane (CBM) in the low rank coal beds of Pakistan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application case study of enhanced coal bed methane recovery process in thar coal fields

Zahid

2017

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Enhanced coal bed methane recovery (ECBM) process is an important developing technology because of its dual advantage, i.e., producing methane gas and sequestering CO2 at the same time. CO2 have been used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) for more than five decades but available storage sites for EOR are only limited to oil rich countries. Pakistan has one of the largest coal reserves in the world accounting to more than 185 billion tons. In this study, CO2 sequestration in the coalbeds of Thar coal field located in the South of Pakistan is explored from the technical and economical point of view. Potential CO2 storage capacity and methane gas‐in‐place has been calculated for the Thar coal fields. Next, an economic analysis has been performed to evaluate the cost of CO2 storage and to explore any economic benefit from the methane production. Usually, coal reservoirs are saturated with water, hence water production along with methane is inevitable. This study analyzed various water treatment methods and recommended shallow re‐injection technology to be the most suitable for the Thar coal ECBM process. In addition, carbon balance has been investigated to calculate the CO2 avoided during the ECBM process. Finally, a sensitivity analysis has been performed on some of the important design variables in order to analyze their effect on the cost of CO2 storage. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 900–911, 2018

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Geochemical and organic petrographic characteristics of low-rank coals from Thar coalfield in the Sindh Province, Pakistan

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Multiproxy analysis constraining climatic control over the Cenozoic depositional history of Kachchh, Western India

Multiproxy analysis constraining climatic control over the Cenozoic depositional history of Kachchh, Western India

Geochemical investigation and modes of occurrence of critical elements and minerals in the coal of Akkakhel, Akhorwal, and Sheikhan, KP, Pakistan

Application case study of enhanced coal bed methane recovery process in thar coal fields

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