Geochemical and mineralogical maps for soils of the conterminous United States

Smith, Bruce; Cannon, William F.; Woodruff, Laurel G.; Solano, Federico; Ellefsen, Karl J.

doi:10.3133/ofr20141082

Cited by 139 publications

(138 citation statements)

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“…The maps used here to show predicted element and mineral concentrations across the United States were interpolated from the actual soil concentration data for each soil sample type by an inverse distance weighted (IDW) technique using ArcGIS software. The IDW method as applied here predicted unique concentration values for an array of grid cells, each of which covers an area of 444 km 2 , over the conterminous United States, determining an average concentration value for all data points within 75 km of the centre of each grid cell (Smith et al, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The report and analytical data are available for free download at http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/801/. Interpolated maps showing the spatial distribution for each element and mineral and statistical summaries of all data are now available as a published report (Smith et al, 2014), and through an interactive web page http://mrdata.usgs. gov/soilgeochemistry/#/summary.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The distribution of selected elements and minerals in soil of the conterminous United States

Woodruff

Cannon

Smith

et al. 2015

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution of selected elements and minerals in soil of the conterminous United States

Woodruff

Cannon

Smith

et al. 2015

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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“…Concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Pb were within the range reported for other forests soils in northern New England, USA (Evans et al 2005;Richardson et al 2014Richardson et al , 2015a, but are generally higher than forest floor concentrations in other regions of the USA (Smith et al 2014). Concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Pb were higher than typical values for US soils due to atmospheric deposition rates which peaked between 30 and 40 mg m 2 year −1 in the mid-1970s (Siccama and Smith 1978;Johnson et al 1982;Richardson et al 2014).…”

Section: Forest Floor Stable and Exchangeable Metal Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Forest floor decomposition, metal exchangeability, and metal bioaccumulation by exotic earthworms: Amynthas agrestis and Lumbricus rubellus

Richardson

Görres

Friedland

2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Earthworms have the potential to reduce the retention of pollutant and plant essential metals in the forest floor (organic horizons) by decomposing organic matter and increasing exchangeability of metals. We conducted a laboratory experiment to investigate the effects of two exotic earthworms, Amynthas agrestis and Lumbricus rubellus, on forest floor decomposition, metal exchangeability, and metal bioaccumulation. Eighty-one pots containing homogenized forest floor material were incubated for 20, 40, or 80 days under three treatments: no earthworms, A. agrestis added, or L. rubellus added. For earthworm treatments, A. agrestis and L. rubellus were stocked at densities observed in previous field studies. Pots containing either A. agrestis or L. rubellus had lost more forest floor mass than the control plots after 40 and 80 days of incubation. Forest floor pots containing A. agrestis had significantly lower % C (16 ± 1.5 %) than control pots (21 ± 1.2 %) after 80 days. However, L. rubellus consumed more forest floor and C mass than A. agrestis, when evaluated on a per earthworm biomass basis. Exchangeable (0.1 M KCl + 0.01 M AcOH extractable) and stable (15 M HNO3+ 10 M HCl extractable) concentrations of Al, Ca, Cd, Cu, Mg, Mn, Pb, and Zn in forest floor material were measured. Stable concentrations and % exchangeable metals in forest floor material were similar among treatments. Although exchangeable metal concentrations varied significantly for most metals among treatments (except Mg and Zn), we conclude that earthworms did not increase or decrease the exchangeability of metals. However, earthworms bioaccumulated Cu, Cd, Zn, and Mg and had potentially hazardous tissue concentrations of Al and Pb. This was best illustrated by calculating bioaccumulation factors using exchangeable concentrations rather than total concentrations. Future research is needed to understand the effect of earthworms on metals in other soil types.

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“…Darnley et al (1995) set guidelines for the development of a global geochemical database, and more recently cross-boundary and continental-and subcontinental-scale geochemical mapping projects have been actively conducted (e.g., Bølviken et al, 1986;de Cooper, 2011a, 2011b;De Vos, 2006;Reimann et al, 2003Reimann et al, , 2014aSalminen et al, 2005;Smith et al, 2013Smith et al, , 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The spatial distribution of multiple elements in the Kanto region of Japan: Transport of chalcophile elements from land to sea

Ohta

Imai

Terashima

et al. 2015

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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Geochemical and mineralogical maps for soils of the conterminous United States

Cited by 139 publications

References 0 publications

The distribution of selected elements and minerals in soil of the conterminous United States

The distribution of selected elements and minerals in soil of the conterminous United States

Forest floor decomposition, metal exchangeability, and metal bioaccumulation by exotic earthworms: Amynthas agrestis and Lumbricus rubellus

The spatial distribution of multiple elements in the Kanto region of Japan: Transport of chalcophile elements from land to sea

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