A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium, strain Rf4 T , which conserves energy from dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction concomitant with acetate oxidation, was isolated from subsurface sediment undergoing uranium bioremediation. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Rf4 T matched sequences recovered in 16S rRNA gene clone libraries constructed from DNA extracted from groundwater sampled at the same time as the source sediment. Cells of strain Rf4 T were regular, motile rods, 1.2-2.0 mm long and 0.5-0.6 mm in diameter, with rounded ends. Cells had one lateral flagellum. Growth was optimal at pH 6.5-7.0 and 32 6C. With acetate as the electron donor, strain Rf4 T used Fe(III), Mn(IV), anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate, malate and fumarate as electron acceptors and reduced U(VI) in cell suspensions. With poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide as the electron acceptor, strain Rf4 T oxidized the following electron donors: acetate, lactate, pyruvate and ethanol. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Rf4 T placed it in the genus Geobacter. Strain Rf4 T was most closely related to 'Geobacter humireducens' JW3 (95.9 % sequence similarity), Geobacter bremensis Dfr1 T (95.4 %) and Geobacter bemidjiensis Bem T (95.1 %). Based on phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic differences between strain Rf4 T and closely related Geobacter species, this strain is described as a representative of a novel species, Geobacter uraniireducens sp. nov. The type strain is Rf4 T (5ATCC BAA-1134 T 5JCM 13001 T ).