Geo-political and Geo-economic Dynamics of the Region in Developing the Sea-based Economy of the IOR Countries

Iqbal, Kanwar Muhammad Javed; Haider, Baber Bilal

doi:10.53963/pjmr.2020.002.2

Cited by 2 publications

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“…There is a need to assess the adequacy of preparedness to cope with climatic changes, particularly for flood risk management and disaster risk reduction. In the business-as-usual case of Pakistan, the effects of climatic variations would likely be increased manifold due to implementation of the massive China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) Plan, which is a collaborative part of the Belt & Road Initiative (BRI) of China (Iqbal and Haider, 2020;Waheed et al, 2021). Like other vulnerable developing countries, the overall climate change scenario entails having an inclusive climate response mechanism in Pakistan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling principles, criteria and indicators to assess water sector governance for climate compatibility and sustainability

Iqbal

Khan

Mikhaylov

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The United Nations SDGs Report 2020 revealed that climatic variability victimized masses across the globe in 2018 and the global average temperature would rise to 3.2°C during this century. The GHG emission reduction targets for 2030 were prioritized under the Paris Climate Agreement (PCA) of 2015 to keep the rise in global temperature below 1.5°C. Here, parallel action for climate adaptation is on top of it. However, targets for both adaptation and mitigation are lagging. Climatic variations will continue more likely with similar trends thus influencing the development needs vis-à-vis environmental security and sustainability of resources. It entails climate compatibility, particularly for the water security agenda for SDG-13 and Paris Climate Agreement (PCA), which requires an inclusive governance regime and ownership for national and sub-national scenarios. In this context, this paper aimed to assess existing water sector governance for climate compatible development (CCD) by taking the case of Pakistan which is among the top 10 countries vulnerable to climate change. Considering the limitations of available methodologies due to the involvement of various aspects and concepts of governance, an integrated multivariate mix-method model was formulated by combining rules and rights-oriented approaches. This MCDA-based model integrates six novel climate governance principles against six basic components of the basic institutional governance framework; Simple Multi-attribute Rating Technique (SMART) with a set of sectoral indicators of 09 criteria of climate compatible development (CCD). It proved well for this water sector case study with cross-sectional data from 340 key informant interviews (KIIs) and 17 focus group discussions (FGDs) in Pakistan, validated statistically. It can be used for periodic sectoral governance assessments for CCD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling principles, criteria and indicators to assess water sector governance for climate compatibility and sustainability

Iqbal

Khan

Mikhaylov

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Modeling energy governance index for the adequacy of policy, legal, and institutional response measures for climate compatible development

Iqbal

Waheed

Azhar

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Climate compatible and sustainable expansion of energy resources is a major global challenge. Developing countries, with inadequate resources and incoherent policies, and legal and institutional frameworks must strive hard to achieve targets set by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) while keeping track of Nationally Determined Contributions for Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions abatement. Inclusive governance is quite complex due to the interplay of informal and formal systems, rules-based to rights-based approaches, and arrangements in national to local scenarios vis-à-vis methodological limitations. In this context, this study aims at developing a governance index for assessing climate compatible development (CCD) by taking case of the energy sector in Pakistan. The study adopted a two-step approach to develop and validate a methodological framework for assessing the adequacy of governance. In the first step, a multivariate analysis model was developed using principle (CP-1), criteria (09), and 43 indicators (PCIs) through stakeholder involvement. In the second step, the model was deployed by combining the Multi Criteria Decision Analysis method with statistical analysis of the dataset. Data were collected from federal and provincial capitals as well as ten districts through a structured scoring matrix consisting of all 43 indicators. The sample population was based on key informant interviews (340), and experts (17) who were engaged through focus group discussion at federal, provincial, and district levels. Respondents were asked to score against each indicator on a ratio scale, which was then aggregated to develop a governance index score. The findings reveal the dearth of a preemptive and comprehensive governance to address climate compatible development in the energy sector in all tiers of constituencies in Pakistan. There is a need for coherent and inclusive policy, and a legal and institutional framework. This study’s outcome authenticates the findings of United Nations SDGs Report 2020 that efforts to achieve sustainable energy targets are not up to scale and stresses the need to speed up the efforts and development of the associated governance framework for renewable energy to achieve climate compatible and SDGs.

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Geo-political and Geo-economic Dynamics of the Region in Developing the Sea-based Economy of the IOR Countries

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Modeling principles, criteria and indicators to assess water sector governance for climate compatibility and sustainability

Modeling principles, criteria and indicators to assess water sector governance for climate compatibility and sustainability

Modeling energy governance index for the adequacy of policy, legal, and institutional response measures for climate compatible development

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