Genotypic Characterization of
            <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i>
            in Specimens from Pigs and Humans in a Pig Farm Community in Central Thailand

Leelayoova, Saovanee; Piyaraj, Phunlerd; Subrungruang, Ittisak; Pagornrat, Wacharee; Naaglor, Tawee; Phumklan, Sirowan; Taamasri, Paanjit; Suwanasri, Jiraporn; Mungthin, Mathirut

doi:10.1128/jcm.00187-09

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The finding of genotype O in pigs in the present and previous studies supports the potential for zoonotic transmission (24,26,28). Genotype O seems to have strict host specificity, as it is found only in pigs and humans.…”

Section: Enterocytozoon Bieneusi In Pigssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…1). Among the six known genotypes identified in the present study, genotypes H and CS-1 have been found only in pigs (21,(25)(26)(27)29). In spite of this, the conclusion that pigs are a specific host of genotypes H and CS-1 cannot currently be drawn because of the lack of epidemiological data from human and animal microsporidiosis.…”

Section: Enterocytozoon Bieneusi In Pigscontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…The health status of hosts, as a major opportunistic pathogenic factor for E. bieneusi infection, is closely associated with host age. In Thailand, a significantly higher prevalence of E. bieneusi was found in pigs aged 2 to 3.9 months than in pigs in other age groups (26). Recently, Li et al reported that the infection rates of nursery pigs (21/33; 63.6%) were significantly higher than those of preweaned (25/61; 41.0%; P Ͻ 0.05) and growing (5/19; 26.3%; P Ͻ 0.01) pigs (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Pigs are considered to be one of the most important reservoir hosts of E. bieneusi, and molecular epidemiological surveys have been conducted in 11 countries since the first report of E. bieneusi in pigs in Switzerland (20). Genotyping data for E. bieneusi isolates from pigs, including wild boars, have identified 34 genotypes, with 13 of them found in humans (Table 1) (17,(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). Therefore, genotyping of E. bieneusi isolates from pigs will provide useful information to assess the risk of zoonotic transmission.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Asymptomatic Pigs and Assessment of Zoonotic Risk at the Genotype Level

Zhao

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bEnterocytozoon bieneusi is an emerging and clinically significant enteric parasite infecting humans and animals and can cause life-threatening diarrhea in immunocompromised people. Pigs are considered to be one of the main reservoir hosts of E. bieneusi based on their high prevalence rates and zoonotic genotypes in pigs. As an opportunistic pathogen, E. bieneusi infection of pigs can be inapparent, which leads to neglect in detecting this parasite in pigs and assessing the epidemiological role of pigs in the transmission of human microsporidiosis. In the present study, 95 healthy pigs aged 2 or 3 months were randomly selected from three areas in Heilongjiang Province, China. E. bieneusi isolates were identified and genotyped based on the small-subunit (SSU) rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the rRNA gene by PCR and sequencing. A high prevalence of E. bieneusi was observed, 83.2% (79/95) at the SSU rRNA locus versus 89.5% (85/95) at the ITS locus. Ten ITS genotypes were obtained, comprising six known genotypes-EbpA (n ‫؍‬ 30), D (n ‫؍‬ 19), H (n ‫؍‬ 18), O (n ‫؍‬ 11), CS-1 (n ‫؍‬ 1), and LW1 (n ‫؍‬ 1)-and four novel genotypes named HLJ-I to HLJ-IV; 70.6% (60/85) of E. bieneusi genotypes were zoonotic (genotypes EbpA, D, and O). The findings of a high prevalence of E. bieneusi in pigs and a large percentage of zoonotic genotypes indicate that pigs may play a role in the transmission of E. bieneusi to humans and may become an important source of water contamination in our investigated areas.

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Section: Enterocytozoon Bieneusi In Pigssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Enterocytozoon Bieneusi In Pigscontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

High Prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Asymptomatic Pigs and Assessment of Zoonotic Risk at the Genotype Level

Zhao

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Enterocytozoon bieneusi, the most frequently diagnosed microsporidial species in humans, was first reported in an AIDS patient in 1985 (4). Over the last 2 decades, E. bieneusi has been detected in humans, other mammals, and birds in more than 30 countries (1,6,10,12). However, the prevalence of this parasite in China has been unclear.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification and Genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in China

et al. 2011

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In this study, the prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in China was investigated. Twelve genotypes of E. bieneusi were identified, of which 10 were novel genotypes. Further, 41.6% of the genotypes were found in both humans and animals. This is the first report of E. bieneusi in China.Microsporidia are a diverse group of obligate intracellular pathogens consisting of approximately 1,300 formally described species in 160 genera that infect a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate hosts, including humans (8,16). Enterocytozoon bieneusi, the most frequently diagnosed microsporidial species in humans, was first reported in an AIDS patient in 1985 (4). Over the last 2 decades, E. bieneusi has been detected in humans, other mammals, and birds in more than 30 countries (1,6,10,12). However, the prevalence of this parasite in China has been unclear.Currently, sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene is regarded as the standard method for species identification and genotyping of E. bieneusi isolates (17). More than 90 genotypes or variants of E. bieneusi that infect humans and animals have been identified (16). Recent molecular epidemiological studies indicated that some genotypes are host specific (17). Further, 8 genotypes (WL15, D, Peru6, EbpC, Peru10, Peru16, WL11, and Type IV) have been found in both humans and animals, indicating the potential for zoonotic transmission and the importance for surveillance of the epidemiology of E. bieneusi (17).We investigated the prevalence of E. bieneusi infection in humans and animals in China. A total of 220 fecal samples were collected. Among them, 40 fecal samples were from diarrheal children in the First Hospital of Jilin University in Changchun City, northeast China, 61 were from pigs in a livestock production facility, 26 were from dogs in a pet market, and 93 were from cows. Both human and animal samples were collected in the same area around Changchun City; however, the human samples were not from the same farm as the animal samples. The collection of human and animal stool samples was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University. DNA was extracted from each fecal sample with a modified protocol as described previously (7).A nested PCR with primers based on the specific ITS sequences of E. bieneusi was applied for pathogen identification as previously reported (2, 5). E. bieneusi ITS sequences were determined, and a multiple alignment was performed using the ClustalX program. To assess the extent of genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships among the previously known genotypes of Enterocytozoon spp. and the novel genotypes, a neighbor-joining tree based on the evolutionary distances calculated by the Kimura two-parameter model (15) was constructed using the MEGA 4.0 program (19).E. bieneusi-specific sequences were amplified from 56 of the 220 fecal samples (9 from humans, 2 from dogs, 35 from cows, and 10 from pigs) ( Table 1). The 56 sequences were classified into 12 genotypes, which include...

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Microsporidia in Higher Vertebrates

Snowden

2014

Microsporidia

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Genotypic Characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Specimens from Pigs and Humans in a Pig Farm Community in Central Thailand

Cited by 44 publications

References 26 publications

High Prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Asymptomatic Pigs and Assessment of Zoonotic Risk at the Genotype Level

High Prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Asymptomatic Pigs and Assessment of Zoonotic Risk at the Genotype Level

Identification and Genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in China

Microsporidia in Higher Vertebrates

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