Microsporidia in Higher Vertebrates

Snowden, Karen F.

doi:10.1002/9781118395264.ch19

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 178 publications

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“…Overall, they have a low pathogenicity, often induce latent or only mildly symptomatic infections in mammals, and are regarded as opportunistic pathogens. 5,11,15 In veterinary medicine, Encephalitozoon cuniculi is the most relevant microsporidia species. 2,15 An overview of microsporidia of veterinary interest is given in published books and reviews.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…2,15 An overview of microsporidia of veterinary interest is given in published books and reviews. 5,11,14…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,9 In frogs, toads, and salamanders, infections with microsporidia (among them Microsporidium spp and Pleistophora spp ) have been associated with inflammation of the musculature, digestive tract, and liver. 11,14…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Microsporidiosis is generally treated with fenbendazole, which can cause the above-mentioned problems. 11 Alternatively, a treatment with albendazole can be considered. However, this is described as causing toxicosis in birds and therefore may also cause adverse effects in tortoises.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…2,15 Although nowadays they are considered as fungi, they are formerly mentioned as parasites in the literature. 7,11,13,15 The host cell cytoplasm is the site of reproduction and maturation, which is quite unusual. 13 Spores are equipped with a tubular extrusion apparatus (polar tubule/ tube, polar filament) for injecting spore contents into the host cell.…”

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Microsporidiosis in Four Tortoises (Testudo hermanni boettgeri)

Eydner

Donhauser²,

Beineke

et al. 2017

Vet Pathol

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Microsporidia are obligate intracellular, spore-forming fungi. A wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts can be infected; however, cases of infected turtles or tortoises have not yet been described. This is the first description of 4 cases in tortoises ( Testudo spp), which showed general signs of illness as well as intestinal and respiratory signs until death occurred or they were euthanized. Granulomatous and necrotizing inflammation was visible in the lung and liver. Fungal organisms were present in heart blood, lung, liver, and intestine. Because of their morphology, staining properties (eg, positive in periodic acid-Schiff and silver reaction), and electron microscopic appearance, they were classified as microsporidia.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,15 An overview of microsporidia of veterinary interest is given in published books and reviews. 5,11,14…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microsporidiosis in Four Tortoises (Testudo hermanni boettgeri)

Eydner

Donhauser²,

Beineke

et al. 2017

Vet Pathol

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Isolation and characterization of an avian isolate of Encephalitozoon hellem

2000

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Members of the phylum Microspora are a group of unusual, obligate intracellular eukaryotic parasites that infect a wide range of hosts. However, there are a limited number of microsporidial infections reported in avian hosts, and no parasite species has been defined as an avian pathogen. A microsporidian organism was recovered from the droppings of a clinically normal peach-faced lovebird (Agapornis roseicollis) and established in in vitro culture. Intermittent parasite spore shedding was documented over a 2-month period using calcofluor M2R staining of cloacal swabs. The organism was identified as Encephalitozoon hellem based on protein and antigenic profiles and molecular sequencing of the small subunit and internal transcribed spacer regions of the ribosomal RNA gene.

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Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Raw Cow's Milk Remains Infectious After Pasteurization

Kváč

TomanováVendula

Samková

et al. 2016

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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This study describes the prevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in raw cow's milk and evaluates the effect of different milk pasteurization treatments on E. cuniculi infectivity for severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Using a nested polymerase chain reaction approach, 1 of 50 milking cows was found to repeatedly shed E. cuniculi in its feces and milk. Under experimental conditions, E. cuniculi spores in milk remained infective for SCID mice following pasteurization treatments at 72 °C for 15 s or 85 °C for 5 s. Based on these findings, pasteurized cow's milk should be considered a potential source of E. cuniculi infection in humans.

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Microsporidia in Higher Vertebrates

Cited by 14 publications

References 178 publications

Microsporidiosis in Four Tortoises (Testudo hermanni boettgeri)

Microsporidiosis in Four Tortoises (Testudo hermanni boettgeri)

Isolation and characterization of an avian isolate of Encephalitozoon hellem

Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Raw Cow's Milk Remains Infectious After Pasteurization

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