Genotypic and antimicrobial resistance characterizations of <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> isolated from powdered milk infant formula: A comparison between domestic and imported products

Pakbin, Babak; Mahmoudi, Razzagh; Mousavi, Shaghayegh; Allahyari, Samaneh; Amani, Zahra; Peymani, Amir; Qajarbeygi, Peyman; Hoseinabadi, Zahra

doi:10.1002/fsn3.1965

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Nineteen commercial antibiotic disks (Oxoid Ltd., Basingstoke, UK) used in this study included cefepime (FEP), 30 µg; cefoxitin (FOX), 30 µg; kanamycin (KAN), 30 µg; ampicillin (AMP), 10 µg; imipenem (IPM), 10 µg; amoxicillin (AMX), 25 µg; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC), 20/10 µg; streptomycin (SPT), 10 µg; amikacin (AMK), 30 µg; norfloxacin (NOR), 10 µg; gentamicin (GEN), 10 µg; nalidixic acid (NAL), 30 µg; levofloxacin (LVX), 5 µg; colistin (CST) 10 µg; azithromycin (AZM), 15 µg; tetracycline (TET), 30 µg; chloramphenicol (CHL), 30 µg; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT), 1.25/23.75 µg, and nitrofurantoin (NIT), 300 µg. The results of antibiotic resistance phenotypes were recorded and interpreted according to CLSI guidelines [ 40 , 41 ]. Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 were used as the reference strains for quality control.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Phylogroups and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Isolates from Food Products

et al. 2021

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The emergence of multi-drug resistant E. coli is an important matter of increasing considerable concern to global public health. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, antibiotic resistance pattern and phylogroups of E. coli isolates obtained from raw milk, vegetable salad and ground meat samples collected from Qazvin Province (Iran). Culture-based techniques, Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility testing and PCR assays were used to determine the incidence rate, antimicrobial resistance pattern and phylogenetic groups of the E. coli isolates. The E. coli isolates were highly resistant to amoxicillin (79.1%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (70.8%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (62.5%), tetracycline (54.1%), chloramphenicol (54.1%), nitrofurantoin (54.1%), ampicillin (45.8%), streptomycin (45.8%), and kanamycin (33.3%); and completely susceptible to norfloxacin and azithromycin and 70.8% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant. Most E. coli isolates (46%) belonged to phylogroup A. Novel, practical, efficient food safety control and surveillance systems of multi-drug resistant foodborne pathogens are required to control the foodborne pathogen contamination.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Phylogroups and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Isolates from Food Products

et al. 2021

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“…Therefore, it is essential to recognize more STs to aid in epidemiological investigations and risk assessments of this pathogen. Furthermore, C. sakazakii have been reported to be detected in imported PIF or dairy products in China and other countries ( Guo et al, 2018 ; Valenci et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Pakbin et al, 2020 ). Our data showed that the genome clusters had no geographical nor source specificities, which is in agreement with a recent research ( Guo et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Landscape and Phenotypic Assessment of Cronobacter sakazakii Isolated From Raw Material, Environment, and Production Facilities in Powdered Infant Formula Factories in China

Gan

Yan

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Cronobacter is a foodborne pathogen associated with severe infections and high mortality in neonates. The bacterium may also cause gastroenteritis, septicemia, and urinary tract and wound infectious in adults. A total of 15 Cronobacter isolates collected from 617 raw materials and environment samples from Powdered Infant Formula manufacturing factories during 2016 in Shaanxi, China, were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibilities, species identification, biofilm formation, and whole-genome sequencing. The results showed that all 15 isolates were Cronobacter sakazakii, while the antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that all 15 C. sakazakii were pan susceptible. Most isolates were able to produce a weak biofilm, and two isolates from soil samples produced a strong biofilm formation. All isolates were classified into seven STs including ST4, ST40, ST64, ST93, ST148, ST256, and ST494, with ST64 (4/15, 26.7%) being dominant, and most were clinically related. The isolates harbored at least 11 virulence genes and two plasmids, with one isolate being positive for all virulence genes. Phylogenetic and ANI analysis showed strong clustering by sequence types and isolates from different sources or regions with a similar genomic background. The fact that isolates were obtained from raw materials and environment samples of PIF facilities shared a close phylogeny with one another suggests that cross-contamination events may have occurred between the processing room and external environments, which may give rise to a recurring risk of a continuous contamination during production.

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“…Most of the application guidelines of biocides used in the food industry, such as sodium hypochlorite, ammonium quaternary, and Peracetic Acid (PAA), have been developed for planktonic cells from microorganisms [47], although the great majority of microorganisms on surfaces live as adherent communities. In addition, the scientific literatures have already indicated that the bacterial cells living in biofilm communities may be up to 1,000-fold more resistant to biocides, or sanitizers, than their respective planktonic cells [10,48,49]. In addition, the usual sanitizing procedures applied in food industries are not only fully effective on biofilm structures but can also induce the selection of phenotypes that are more resistant to biocides [5].…”

Section: Surface Cleaning and Disinfection Strategies For Prevention Of Microbial Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilms from Pathogenic Bacteria in Food Processing Environments: Formation and Preventive Disinfection Procedures

Lee

Portinari

Corassin

et al. 2021

Food Science and Engineering

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The ability of some pathogenic bacterial species to form biofilms on surfaces of equipment and utensils is of great concern to the food industry since they represent a continuous source of contamination in food processing environments. In this review, the factors involved in the formation of microbial biofilms are highlighted, along with a discussion on the preventive disinfection procedures recommended to avoid the attachment of microbial cells on surfaces of equipment and utensils in food processing areas. Relevant articles published in the last 10 years (2012-present) were selected in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Methods for assessing the adhesion and biofilm formation ability of strains isolated from surfaces in the food industry environment are also presented.

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Genotypic and antimicrobial resistance characterizations of Cronobacter sakazakii isolated from powdered milk infant formula: A comparison between domestic and imported products

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Prevalence, Phylogroups and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Isolates from Food Products

Prevalence, Phylogroups and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Isolates from Food Products

Genomic Landscape and Phenotypic Assessment of Cronobacter sakazakii Isolated From Raw Material, Environment, and Production Facilities in Powdered Infant Formula Factories in China

Biofilms from Pathogenic Bacteria in Food Processing Environments: Formation and Preventive Disinfection Procedures

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