Genotype × environment interaction and identification of high yielding wheat genotypes for Afghanistan

Abstract

Wheat is a key cereal for human consumption in Afghanistan but has low productivity stemmed from various biotic and abiotic stresses and soil factors. To quantify the limitations to yield productivity, two sets of wheat genotypes from earlier selections were evaluated in three sets of trials in incomplete block designs at locations in three provinces (Baghlan, Mazar and Nangarhar) of Afghanistan during 2014-15 and 2015-16 growing seasons. Genotype (G) effects, its interactions with location (GLI) and with year within locations (GYI) were evaluated with a view to identify high yielding and specifically adapted genotypes. In each trial at each location genotypic differences were significant (P<0.05) except at one location in an irrigated trial. GLI and GYI were also significant. Genotype + Genotype ×Environment (GGE) interaction biplot was used to identify the genotypes specifically adapted to a location in Afghanistan. The high yielding spring bread wheat genotypes that were identified included: HAMAMA-4 for all the locations and genotype SG10 (SER.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/KAUZ/FLORKWA-1) for Baghlan and Nangarhar under moderate to high rainfall; and IG8 (VEE#7//MT773/EMUS/3/SAFI-1) for all the locations and IG4 (BT1735/ACHTAR//FSFOOR-1) for Baghlan under irrigated or a higher rainfall. The third trial comprised elite spring bread wheat evaluated under irrigated conditions, where Solh 2002 variety was found to be high yielding and broadly adapted to these locations. These genotypes can be used for large-scale production to support food security in Afghanistan.

Evaluation of some Egyptian and Iraq Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes and Estimate of its Genetic Statistical Parameters

“…This reflects the variation or difference between the genotypes and their participation in the total variation of the traits and environmental contribution, increasing the possibility of selecting new superior genotypes to be evaluated in next comparison experiments with the varieties certificated in the area of cultivation (gypsum soils). These results correspond to the results of [1]and [2]…”

“…As shown in table (2), the analysis of variance represented by the mean squares of the traits under study, we note the difference among Egyptian entries and Iraqi varieties was significant at the probability level 1% for all studied traits. This reflects the variation or difference between the genotypes and their participation in the total variation of the traits and environmental contribution, increasing the possibility of selecting new superior genotypes to be evaluated in next comparison experiments with the varieties certificated in the area of cultivation (gypsum soils).…”

“…On the one hand, the rapid genetic improvement that provides plant breeders with clear and accurate information on the performance of these genotypes in the sustainable agriculture region The identification of superior genotypes through the study of a large group of quantitative and qualitative characteristics with a broad genetic base enables the selection of superior models and their utilization in breeding and genetic improvement programs; therefore, efforts must be made by professionals to develop programs and plans to obtain varieties with desirable genetic traits. Many investigators studied the genotypes in wheat crops [1] and [2,3].…”

Defining the target population of environments for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding in Italy based on historical data

“…This information may be used to optimize varietal selection and testing within and across the TPEs in Italy, as well as for optimal parental selection. Similar to this study, numerous other studies were previously conducted with the aim of identifying high-yielding and stable wheat varieties for different environments in China (Gupta et al, 2022), India (Jeberson et al, 2017), Afghanistan (Saharawat et al, 2017) and Ethiopia (Tulu & Wondimu, 2019).…”