Genotype-corrected reference values for serum angiotensin-converting enzyme

Abstract

The deletion (D)/insertion (I) polymorphism in intron 16 of the angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) gene has the greatest impact on serum ACE level in Caucasians of any factor yet discovered. The aim of the present study was to establish new ACE genotype-corrected normal ranges for serum ACE level in a population of central European origin.After a medical examination, 159 healthy Caucasians volunteered to donate blood for the study. ACE genotypes were assessed by PCR and serum ACE levels were determined using two different kinetic tests.The distribution of the D/I polymorphism of the ACE gene was in accordance with the HardyWeinberg equilibrium. Serum ACE levels and ACE genotypes correlated significantly, with the highest serum ACE levels in subjects with ACE genotype D/D, and the lowest serum ACE levels in subjects with genotype I/I (mean¡SD, assay 1: D/D 59.3¡15.1 U?L -1 , D/I 45.5¡15.2 U?L -1

Gender difference of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in DD genotype of ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism in elderly Chinese

“…Since ACE I/D polymorphism had a great impact on serum ACE activity, a genotypecorrected reference value of serum ACE activity was quite important for clinical monitoring of sarcoidosis. 30 Our results indicated that, in DD genotype, a truer picture will be obtained if different reference values are used for male and female subjects, respectively. However, it is unknown whether a gender difference exists regarding the treatment effect of sarcoidosis.…”

“…A male-female difference was apparent only in individuals with ID genotype; however, due to the sample size, female subjects were over-represented in the study and after correcting the value for sex ratio no significant gender difference existed. 30 Serum ACE activity was correlated to many diseases; it was evaluated in patients with untreated active sarcoidosis, and spontaneous or corticosteroid-induced remission of sarcoidosis could be heralded by a decrease in serum ACE level, 31,32 so measurement of serum ACE activity can be used as a tool in the monitoring of sarcoidosis. Since ACE I/D polymorphism had a great impact on serum ACE activity, a genotypecorrected reference value of serum ACE activity was quite important for clinical monitoring of sarcoidosis.…”

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Risk and Outcome of Pneumonia

“…The genotype frequency of our control group is very much in line with other white control groups published in literature. 29,30 The ACE I/D polymorphism occurs in multiple haplotypes. Possibly, the ACE I/D polymorphism is not a functional polymorphism but rather a marker for a true functional polymorphism for which the linkage dysequilibrium with the true functional polymorphism is different between ethnic groups.…”

Meta-analytical association between angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphisms and sarcoidosis risk

“…Thirtysix articles were excluded after screening the titles and abstracts because they were either review articles, editorials, or irrelevant to the current study. Of the remaining 25 full-text articles (Arbustini et al, 1996;Furuya et al, 1996;Császár et al, 1997;Sharma et al, 1997;Tomita et al, 1997;Xu et al, 1997;Garrib et al, 1998;Maliarik et al, 1998;Niimi et al, 1998;Takemoto et al, 1998;Pietinalho et al, 1999;Stokes et al, 1999;Papadopoulos et al, 2000;McGrath et al, 2001;Ruprecht et al, 2001;Schürmann et al, 2001;Planck et al, 2002;Alía et al, 2005;Biller et al, 2006;Kruit et al, 2007;Salobir et al, 2007;Tahir et al, 2007;Biller et al, 2009;Kruit et al, 2010;Yilmaz et al, 2012), 2 lacked controls (Stokes et al, 1999;Schürmann et al, 2001), and 2 did not examine patients with sarcoidosis (Ruprecht et al, 2001;Biller et al, 2006); these 4 articles were thus excluded. An additional 3 articles (Császár et al, 1997;Niimi et al, 1998;Kruit et al, 2007) were also excluded because of incomplete reporting of data.…”