Genotoxicity of Metal Nanoparticles: Focus on In Vivo Studies

Abstract

With increasing production and application of a variety of nanomaterials (NMs), research on their cytotoxic and genotoxic potential grows, as the exposure to these nano-sized materials may potentially result in adverse health effects. In large part, indications for potential DNA damaging effects of nanoparticles (NPs) originate from inconsistent in vitro studies. To clarify these effects, the implementation of in vivo studies has been emphasised. This paper summarises study results of genotoxic effects of NPs, which are available in the recent literature. They provide indications that some NP types cause both DNA strand breaks and chromosomal damages in experimental animals. Their genotoxic effects, however, do not depend only on particle size, surface modifi cation (particle coating), and exposure route, but also on exposure duration. Currently available animal studies may suggest differing mechanisms (depending on the duration of exposure) by which living organisms react to NP contact. Nevertheless, due to considerable inconsistencies in the recent literature and the lack of standardised test methods -a reliable hazard assessment of NMs is still limited. Therefore, international organisations (e.g. NIOSH) suggest utmost caution when potential exposure of humans to NMs occurs, as long as evidence of their toxicological and genotoxic effect(s) is limited.

Relationship between lymphocyte DNA fragmentation and dose of iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) and silicon oxide (SiO₂) nanoparticles

“…Another way by which NPs can cause genotoxic damage is through their surface charge and time of exposure. Our results are consistent with that of Klien and Godnić-Cvar (2012), which showed that 1-2-day exposure is sufficient to cause DNA strand breaks. However, differences in exposure methods must be considered.…”

The Protective Role of Omega-3 Against Genotoxicity and Reproductive Toxicity of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles Acute Treatment in Male Mice

“…Klien and Godnić-Cvar [20] believed that the Co NPs have rarely been considered to induce DNA damage in vivo. Hereby, we have recorded a significant induction of MN in MnPCEs/1000 PCEs that might be due to chromosomal break/damage leaving a part of chromosome or the whole chromosome in the mature cell [21], reproductive toxicity appeared in the form of decrease in sperm motility, concentration, and increased sperms abnormalities and DNA damage in comet assay in comparison to negative control group.…”

The Healing Effect of Cimin Grape Against Toxic Effects of ZnOTiO2 Nanocomposite

“…Nano-bio interference can result in detrimental biological effects like generation of reactive oxidative species (ROS), cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and inflammatory responses [8,9]. In recent years, the number of studies about the toxic risks of NPs is increasing [10].…”