Genotoxicity of Aspartame

Rencüzoğulları, Eyyüp; Tüylü, Berrin Ayaz; Topaktaş, Mehmet; İla, Hasan Basri; Kayraldız, Ahmet; Arslan, Mehmet; Diler, Songiil Budak

doi:10.1081/dct-120037506

Cited by 78 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) or ''Comet'' assay is used to determine the potential genotoxicity (Rencuzogulları et al, 2004;Yılmaz et al, 2008). It is a marker of the early biological effects of carcinogen exposure (Liou et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV radiation-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage on Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae

Güven

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2015

Turkish Journal of Entomology

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SummaryExposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is hazardous for all organisms. UV shows numerous effects on insects. In this study, mortality effect of UV on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, 1879 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae was studied. The larvae were exposed to UV radiation (254 and 365 nm) at different time periods (15, 30, 45 and 60 min). After exposure, mortality rate, comet assay studies, antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GST and GPx), and MDA levels were investigated on the larvae. The mortality rate of E. kuehniella larvae increased with increasing exposure times. It was determined that 254 nm was more effective than 365 nm compared to the effects of short (254 nm) and long-wave (365 nm) radiations on mortality rate of E. kuehniella larvae. Likewise mortality rate, 254 nm had more potency than 365 nm on antioxidant enzyme activities and levels of MDA. According to the comet assay results, the tail DNA% and comet tail length significantly increased in all exposure times at 254 nm, but these changes were seen only 45 min and 60 min at 365 nm of UV radiation. Therefore, tail DNA% and tail lenghts of 254 nm radiation could be greater than the tail lenghts of 365 nm UV radiation. As a result, the UV radiation could be effectively as a safe pest control method and as an alternative to environmentally hazardous chemical pesticides. Key words: Ephestia kuehniella, UV radiation, mortality, antioxidant enzymes, comet assay ÖzetUltraviyole (UV) radyasyona maruz kalmak tüm canlılar için tehlikelidir. UV böcekler üzerinde birçok etki göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, Ephestia kuehniella 1879 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvaları üzerine UV'nin öldürücü etkisi çalışıldı. Larvalar UV radyasyonuna (254 ve 365 nm) farklı zaman peryotlarında (15, 30, 45 ve 60 dk.) maruz bırakıldı. Çalışma sonunda larvaların ölüm oranları, komet değeleri ve antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri (SOD, CAT, GST ve GPx) ve MDA seviyeleri araştırıldı. Işınlama süresi arttıkça E. kuehniella larvalarının ölüm oranları artmıştır. Kısa (254 nm) ve uzun (365 nm) dalga boylarını ölüm oranları üzerindeki etkilerini karşılaştırdığımızda 254 nm dalga boyunun 365 nm dalga boyundan daha etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu durum, ölüm oranı, antioksidan enzim aktivitesi ve MDA seviyesinde de tespit edilmiştir. Komet değerlendirme sonuçlarına göre kuyruk % DNA'sı ve komet kuyruk uzunluğu 254 nm dalga boyutunun tüm uygulama zamanlarında istatistiksel olarak artarken bu değişimler 365 nm UV radyasyonun yalnızca 45. ve 60. dk. larında tespit edilmiştir. Bundan dolayı, kuyruk % DNA'sı ve kuyruk uzunluğu 254 nm dalga boyunda 365 nm dalga boyuna göre daha fazladır. Sonuç olarak, UV radyasyon depo zararlılarının kontrolünde güvenilir bir metod ve çevreye zararlı kimyasal pestisitlere bir alternatif olarak kullanılabilir.Anahtar sözcükler: Ephestia kuehniella, UV radyasyon, ölüm oranı, antioksidan enzimler, komet değerlendirme

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV radiation-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage on Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae

Güven

Pandır

Baş

2015

Turkish Journal of Entomology

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“…Aspartame was evaluated in vitro in a chromosomal aberration test, a sister chromatid exchange test (SCE test) and a micronucleus test on human lymphocytes (Rencuzogullari et al, 2004). In each test, cells were exposed for 24 and 48 hours to concentrations of 500, 1,000 and 2,000 µg/mL.…”

Section: In Vitro Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a second assay (NTP 2003), no mutagenicity was detected in strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 or TA97 for doses up to 10,000 µg/plate. In a third assay (Rencuzogullari et al, 2004) aspartame was tested on TA98 and TA100 at doses ranging from 50 to 2,000 µg/plate in the presence and in the absence of metabolic activation.…”

Section: In Vitro Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to a new long‐term carcinogenicity study on aspartame

2006

EFS2

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Aspartame has undergone extensive testing in animals and studies in humans, including four animal carcinogenicity studies conducted during the 1970s and early 1980s. These studies, together with studies on genotoxicity, were evaluated by regulatory bodies worldwide and it was concluded that they did not show evidence of genotoxic or carcinogenic potential for aspartame. Since its approval, however, the safety of aspartame has been repeatedly questioned, with discussions focusing not only on the safety of aspartame itself, but also on the safety of its breakdown products, aspartic acid, phenylalanine and methanol. All these substances occur naturally in the body. In response to such questions, the SCF undertook a further review of all the data on aspartame in 2002 and concluded that there was no need to revise the outcome of their earlier risk assessment or the previously established Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for aspartame, of 40 mg/kg body weight (bw).The AFC Panel has assessed the new carcinogenicity study, using not only the ERF publications but also a more extensive report provided to EFSA by the ERF at the end of 2005 and further data from the same study provided by ERF in April 2006. The Panel noted that this lifetime study, using more dose groups and more animals per group than conventional carcinogenicity studies, represented a substantial effort and had the potential to be more sensitive to low incidence effects. After its evaluation the Panel considers that the study has flaws which bring into question the validity of the findings, as interpreted by the ERF. In particular, the high background incidence of chronic inflammatory changes in the lungs and other vital organs and tissues and the uncertainty about the correctness of the diagnoses of some tumour types were major confounding factors in the interpretation of the findings of the study.The Panel's conclusions on the findings of the ERF study include the following:• The increased incidence of lymphomas/leukaemias reported in treated rats was unrelated to aspartame, given the high background incidence of chronic inflammatory changes in the lungs and the lack of a positive dose-response relationship. It is wellknown that such tumours can arise as a result of abundant lymphoid hyperplasia in the lungs of rats suffering from chronic respiratory disease. The most plausible explanation of the findings in this study with respect to lymphomas/leukaemias is that they have developed in a colony suffering from chronic respiratory disease. The slight increase in incidence of these tumours in rats fed aspartame is considered to be an incidental finding of the ERF study and can therefore be dismissed.• The preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the renal pelvis, ureter and bladder occurring primarily in female rats along with renal calcification were most probably treatment-related, at least at the higher doses. It is widely accepted that the effect is a high dose effect of irritant chemicals or chemicals producing renal pelvic calcification as a result of im...

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“…It is used in a variety of beverages, foods, desserts, sweets, breakfast cereals, chewing gum and weight control products. It is also used as a tabletop sweetener and in pharmaceuticals [2]. Following aspartame ingestion, none of it actually enters the blood intact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in antioxidant defense system in hepatic and renal tissues of rats following aspartame intake

2016

J App Biol Biotech

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Aspartame is one of the most common artificial sweeteners in use today worldwide. Aspartame has been implicated in many health problems. The study aimed to investigate whether aspartame consumption induces oxidative stress and whether it can threaten the antioxidant defense system in hepatic and renal tissues. The experiment was performed on adult male albino rats. They were distributed into 4 groups, group I represented the control animals and received orally water. The rest were given aspartame in a dose 50 mg/kg for 15, 30 and 60 days respectively. Blood was collected and centrifuged to obtain serum for the determination of serum enzymes. The tissue samples were homogenized, centrifuged and the clear supernatant was collected for further biochemical analysis. The results showed a significant increase in LPO level in liver and kidney. A remarkable reduction in GSH content was also observed in both hepatic and renal tissues. The activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GPx and GR were significantly reduced in both liver and kidney. In addition, the results also indicated a significant increase in activities of serum marker enzymes ALT, AST, ALP and GGT. The data provided in this study clearly point out that aspartame consumption at a dose of 50 mg/kg induces oxidative stress in hepatic and renal tissues by generation of free radicals.

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Genotoxicity of Aspartame

Cited by 78 publications

References 21 publications

UV radiation-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage on Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae

UV radiation-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage on Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to a new long‐term carcinogenicity study on aspartame

Alterations in antioxidant defense system in hepatic and renal tissues of rats following aspartame intake

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