Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity Testing of Biomaterials

Cvetković, Vladimir J.; Miladinov, Dijana Takić; Stojanović, Sanja

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68025-5_18

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Ideal scaffolds should mimic the natural environment, such that their pore size, surface area, porosity, and mechanical properties closely resemble those of the target tissue ( Silva et al, 2007 ; Nava et al, 2016 ). In addition, scaffolds should be degradable and biocompatible ( Gomes and Reis, 2004 ) with minimal risk of cytotoxicity or genotoxicity ( Cvetković et al, 2018 ). Furthermore, ideal scaffolds should support attachment and proliferation by a wide range of cell types.…”

Section: Scaffolds In Tissue Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Use of ASC/Scaffold Composites for the Regeneration of Osteochondral Defects

Rahman

Frazier²,

Gimble³

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Articular cartilage is composed of chondrocytes surrounded by a porous permeable extracellular matrix. It has a limited spontaneous healing capability post-injury which, if left untreated, can result in severe osteochondral disease. Currently, osteochondral (OC) defects are treated by bone marrow stimulation, artificial joint replacement, or transplantation of bone, cartilage, and periosteum, while autologous osteochondral transplantation is also an option; it carries the risk of donor site damage and is limited only to the treatment of small defects. Allografts may be used for larger defects; however, they have the potential to elicit an immune response. A possible alternative solution to treat osteochondral diseases involves the use of stromal/stem cells. Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) can differentiate into cartilage and bone cells. The ASC can be combined with both natural and synthetic scaffolds to support cell delivery, growth, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Combinations of both types of scaffolds along with ASCs and/or growth factors have shown promising results for the treatment of OC defects based on in vitro and in vivo experiments. Indeed, these findings have translated to several active clinical trials testing the use of ASC-scaffold composites on human subjects. The current review critically examines the literature describing ASC-scaffold composites as a potential alternative to conventional therapies for OC tissue regeneration.

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Section: Scaffolds In Tissue Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Use of ASC/Scaffold Composites for the Regeneration of Osteochondral Defects

Rahman

Frazier²,

Gimble³

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Bone substitute materials provide appropriate microenvironment for differentiation and proliferation of bone cells [37], and porosity, particle size, and material composition also play important roles [38]. At the first place, bone substitutes should be biocompatible which, among the other things, implies that they are non-toxic and non-genotoxic [39]. Biomaterials are also used to fill defects and compensate lost part of bone tissue at the defect site.…”

Section: Bone Substitutes and Regulatory Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Treatment of Bone Tissue Defects

Najman¹,

Najdanović²,

Cvetković³

2021

Clinical Implementation of Bone Regeneration and Maintenance

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Despite excellent self-regeneration capacity of bone tissue, there are some large bone defects that cannot be healed spontaneously. Numerous literature data in the field of cell-based bone tissue engineering showed that adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) after isolation could be subsequently applied in a one-step approach for treatment of bone defect, without previous in vitro expansion and osteoinduction. However, standard approaches usually involve in vitro expansion and osteoinduction of ADSCs as an additional preparation step before its final application. Bioreactors are also used for the preparation of ADSC-based graft prior application. The commonly used approaches are reviewed, and their outcomes, advantages, disadvantages, as well as their potential for successful application in the treatment of bone defects are discussed. Difficulty in spontaneous healing of bone defects is very often due to poor vascularization. To overcome this problem, numerous methods in bone tissue engineering (BTE) were developed. We focused on freshly isolated stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells and ADSCs in vitro induced into endothelial cells (ECs) as cells with vasculogenic capacity for the further application in bone defect treatment. We have reviewed orthotopic and ectopic models in BTE that include the application of SVFs or ADSCs in vitro induced into ECs, with special reference to co-cultivation.

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“…2 In addition to being non-immunogenic and non-cytotoxic, the materials used for implantation should be non-genotoxic, i.e., they should not promote point mutations that can potentially lead to tumour formation. 3 In addition to being biocompatible, implantable materials are further modied to render them bioactive. For instance, researchers are either working on new antibacterial and anti-inammatory coatings or adding drug delivery functionalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%