Genotoxicity and anti-genotoxicity of fennel plant (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) fruit extracts using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART)

Abstract

The antigenotoxic action of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) were assessed using the eye (w/w + ) somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) assay of Drosophila melanogaster. Fennel is used for various medicinal purposes. Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) was used as the positive control. Fruit extracts of fennel did not show genotoxicity at the doses used. In the co-treatment, a dose-dependent decrease in mutation frequency was observed for this plant. The fennel at 8% (w/v) demonstrated a marked decrease in MMS with an inhibition rate of 41.16%. The results demonstrate that the fennel exerted a significant and potent anti-mutagenic activity in eyes spot of D. melanogaster.

The w/w + Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) of Drosophila melanogaster for Detecting Antigenotoxic Activity

“…MMS (at 1 mM) was used as a genotoxic insult against a fennel plant fruit aqueous extract [33]. The positive control showed a great number of induced mutant ommatidia, proving the results from Vogel and Nivard [23], and the fennel extract showed antigenotoxic activity against MMS.…”

“…According to the authors, and considering the mutagenic activity of MMS, an alkylating agent, consisting of direct interactions with DNA bases that induce mutagenic events, fennel may possess antimutagens that interact directly with the methyl radical groups of MMS and inactivate them in such a manner that they cannot bind to DNA as effectively to induce their mutagenic activity. The antimutagenic properties displayed by fennel may be related to components of its essential oil [33]. In a similar way, Cápiro and Sánchez-Lamar [32] demonstrated the antigenotoxic potential of lemongrass decoction extracts against different genotoxics, MMS, ENU, juglone (JG) and dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), that exhibit different mechanisms of action.…”

“…In fact, there are numerous published studies using D. melanogaster in antigenotoxicity analyses, and most of them are using SMARTs, especially with the wing-spot test ( Table 1). Focusing on the w/w + SMART performed for antigenotoxicity testing, there are a few studies evaluating the antigenotoxic potential of lemongrass extracts [32]; fennel plant fruit extracts [33]; red, green and brown seaweeds [3,34]; and thalassotherapy products (containing seaweeds) [35].…”

Ameliorative Effect of Eugenol and Anethole on Arsenic Induced Oxidative Dna Damage in Cultured Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

“…Later was also studied for genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster using somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) and showed a significant protective potential in eyes spot against Methyl methane sulphonate. [23] In the present work we have analysed both individual and combined effect of eugenol and anethole against arsenic induced oxidative DNA damage in PBL. The results of the present study have shown a protective effect of eugenol and anethole against arsenic mediated genotoxicity and oxidative stress.…”

Lamiaceae Ailesine ait Bazı Bitki Türlerinin Genotoksik ve Antigenotoksik Etkileri

“…On balancer heterozygous wings (mwh/TM3), only mwh single spots can be observed, as the inverted TM3 balancer chromosome does not carry flr 3 or any other suitable marker mutation. In the mwh/flr 3 flies, mutant clones can be originated by somatic point mutation, chromosome aberration and/or mitotic recombination, whereas in the mwh/TM3 genotype, these last recombinogenic events are suppressed due to the presence of multiple inversions in the TM3 balancer chromosome (Frei et al, 1992;Amkiss et al, 2013;Uysal et al, 2015). All the experiments have been repeated three times and the averages of the the three data points obtained have been reported.…”