Genotoxic effects of 3 T magnetic resonance imaging in cultured human lymphocytes

Lee, Joong Won; Kim, Myeong Seong; Kim, Yang Jee; Choi, Young Joo; Lee, Younghyun; Chung, Hai Won

doi:10.1002/bem.20664

Cited by 51 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The study of Szerencsi et al 21 showed no enhancement immediately following in vitro exposure of human leukocytes. In contrast, statistically significant enhancements were observed by Lee et al 19 following in vitro exposure times of 45 min or greater, with the observed level increasing with duration of exposure. For in vivo exposures, Yildiz et al 20 observed no significant increase in lymphocytes taken after the initial non-contrast-enhanced MRI.…”

Section: Does Mri Exposure Lead To Dna Damage?mentioning

confidence: 59%

Comments on potential health effects of MRI-induced DNA lesions: quality is more important to consider than quantity

Hill

O’Neill

McKenna

2016

Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly being used in cardiology to detect heart disease and guide therapy. It is mooted to be a safer alternative to imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) or coronary angiographic imaging. However, there has recently been an increased interest in the potential long-term health risks of MRI, especially in the light of the controversy resulting from a small number of research studies reporting an increase in DNA damage following exposure, with calls to limit its use and avoid unnecessary examination, according to the precautionary principle. Overall the published data are somewhat limited and inconsistent; the ability of MRI to produce DNA lesions has yet to be robustly demonstrated and future experiments should be carefully designed to optimize sensitivity and benchmarked to validate and assess reproducibility. The majority of the current studies have focussed on the initial induction of DNA damage, and this has led to comparisons between the reported induction of γH2AX and implied double-strand break (DSB) yields produced following MRI with induction by imaging techniques using ionizing radiation. However, γH2AX is not only a marker of classical double-ended DSB, but also a marker of stalled replication forks and in certain circumstances stalled DNA transcription. Additionally, ionizing radiation is efficient at producing complex DNA damage, unique to ionizing radiation, with an associated reduction in repairability. Even if the fields associated with MRI are capable of producing DNA damage, the lesions produced will in general be simple, similar to those produced by endogenous processes. It is therefore inappropriate to try and infer cancer risk by simply comparing the yields of γH2AX foci or DNA lesions potentially produced by MRI to those produced by a given exposure of ionizing radiation, which will generally be more biologically effective and have a greater probability of leading to long-term health effects. As a result, it is important to concentrate on more relevant downstream end points (e.g. chromosome aberration production), along with potential mechanisms by which MRI may lead to DNA lesions. This could potentially involve a perturbation in homeostasis of oxidative stress, modifying the background rate of endogenous DNA damage induction. In summary, what the field needs at the moment is more research and less fear mongering.

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Section: Does Mri Exposure Lead To Dna Damage?mentioning

confidence: 59%

Comments on potential health effects of MRI-induced DNA lesions: quality is more important to consider than quantity

Hill

O’Neill

McKenna

2016

Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging

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“…[11][12][13][14] We showed that γ-H2AX intensity in NK cells could be a more sensitive marker than T lymphocytes to evaluate early CMR-induced DNA damage. We also reported, for the first time, the dynamic evolution of DNA damage over long-time periods (≤1 month).…”

Section: Cmr Scanning and Dna Damage Of Circulating Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,10 Several studies reported an immediate post-MRI increase of histone H2AX phosphorylation (γ-H2AX) in lymphocytes, a marker of DNA double-strand breaks, in a magnitude comparable with damages produced by low-dose ionizing radiation. [11][12][13] Whether MRI-induced DNA damage can persist or evolve over time is unknown. In this study, we sought to evaluate the early and late biological responses of blood cells (DNA double-strand breaks, cell count, cell death, and cell activation) to CMR in normal subjects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Effects of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance on Human Blood Cells

Lancellotti

Nchimi

Delierneux

et al. 2015

Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging

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The study was approved by the local Institutional Human Research Committee and conducted according to the ethical guidelines and principles of the international Helsinki declaration. After informed consent, 20 healthy male subjects ≥20 years (31.4±7.9 years) with normal physical cardiac examination (with no systolic nor diastolic murmur), normal ECG, without history of any cardiovascular disease or history of current smoking, no chronic excessive alcohol consumption, not currently on medical therapy with cardio-active drugs were prospectively recruited. Every volunteer was asked not to practice Background-Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is increasingly used for the diagnosis and management of cardiac diseases. Recent studies have reported immediate post-CMR DNA double-strand breaks in T lymphocytes. We sought to evaluate CMR-induced DNA damage in lymphocytes, alterations of blood cells, and their temporal persistence. Methods and Results-In 20 prospectively enrolled healthy men (31.4±7.9 years), blood was drawn before and after (1-2 hours, 2 days, 1 month, and 1 year) unenhanced 1.5T CMR. Blood cell counts, cell death, and activation status of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and platelets were evaluated. The first 2-hour post-CMR were characterized by a small increase of lymphocyte B and neutrophil counts and a transient drop of total lymphocytes because of a decrease in natural killer cells. Among blood cells, only neutrophils and monocytes displayed slight and transient activation.DNA double-strand breaks in lymphocytes were quantified through flow cytometric analysis of H2AX phosphorylation (γ-H2AX). γ-H2AX intensity in T lymphocytes did not change early after CMR but increased significantly at day 2 ≤1 month before returning to baseline levels of 1-year post-CMR. Conclusions-Unenhanced CMR is associated with minor but significant immediate blood cell alterations or activations figuring inflammatory response, as well as DNA damage in T lymphocytes observed from day 2 until the first month but disappearing at 1-year follow-up. Although further studies are required to definitely state whether CMR can be used safely, our findings already call for caution when it comes to repeat this examination within a month. (Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8:e003697.

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“…There are some studies on adverse health effects related to MRI (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Among the more recent work are two studies indicating a genotoxic potential of MRI in cell cultures (15;16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No effects of MRI scan on male reproduction hormones

Mollerlokken

Moen

Baste

et al. 2012

Reproductive Toxicology

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This is an accepted version of a paper published in Reproductive Toxicology. This paper has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination.Citation for the published paper: Møllerløkken, O., Moen, B., Baste, V., Magerøy, N., Oftedal, G. et al. (2012) "No effects of MRI scan on male reproduction hormones." Reproductive Toxicology URL: http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.reprotox.2012.04.003 Access to the published version may require subscription. A prospective randomized balanced cross-over study using a head scan in real MRI with whole-body transmitting coil and sham MRI among 24 healthy male volunteers was conducted. Serum-blood samples of inhibin B, testosterone, prolactine, thyreotropine, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, sex-hormone binding globuline and estradiol were taken before and after the different scans. Neither immediately after, nor after 11 days were there seen any differences in the hormone levels comparing real and sham MRI. The lack of effects of EMF on male reproductive hormones should be reassuring to the public and especially for men examined in MRI. Adverse effects on other endpoints than male reproduction or possible chronic effect of multiple MRI scans have not been investigated in this study. Abstract (150 words)The use of mMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasing around the world and the possible adverse effects on reproductive health of electromagnetic fields (EMF) in MRI are not previously studied. We conducted aA prospective randomized balanced cross-over study using a head scan in real MRI with whole-body transmitting coil and sham MRI scan among 24 healthy male volunteers was conducted. Serum-blood samples of inhibin B, testosterone, prolactine, thyreotropine, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, sex-hormone binding globuline and estradiol were taken before and after the different scans. Neither immediately after, nor after 11 days were there seen any differences in the hormone levels comparing real and sham MRI. The lack of effects of EMF on male reproductive hormones should be reassuring to the public and especially for men examined in MRI. Adverse effects on other endpoints than male reproduction or possible chronic effect of multiple MRI scans have not been investigated in this study. Your reviewers have given us valuable comments which my coauthors and I hope to have addressed properly in this letter and in the revised manuscript. We have described our response in the letter and given reference to where in the revised manuscript the changes are. We have also highlighted the changed text in the revised manuscript.We hope you will consider this revised manuscript. Do not hesitate to contact me if anything is unclear. Thank you. Yours sincerelyOle Jacob Møllerløkken Institute of Public Health and Primary Health CareUniversity of Bergen Bergen -Norway *Response to Reviewer CommentsReviewer #1:This is an interesting manuscript with relevance to human patients. The authors conducted a randomized...

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Genotoxic effects of 3 T magnetic resonance imaging in cultured human lymphocytes

Cited by 51 publications

References 39 publications

Comments on potential health effects of MRI-induced DNA lesions: quality is more important to consider than quantity

Comments on potential health effects of MRI-induced DNA lesions: quality is more important to consider than quantity

Biological Effects of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance on Human Blood Cells

No effects of MRI scan on male reproduction hormones

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