Genotoxic effect of hydroquinone on the cultured mouse spleenocytes

Jagetia, Ganesh Chandra; Menon, Kalapurakkal S.; Jain, Vikas

doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00290-3

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The spleens of the animals were removed aseptically and washed twice in the sterile PBS. The splenocytes were extracted as described earlier 27 and cultured in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% FCS and concanavalin-A as mitogen, at 37°C for 72 hours. Duplicate cultures were set from each animal for the each drug/radiation dose.…”

Section: Splenocyte Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Radiation-Induced DNA Damage by Jamun, Syzygium cumini, in the Cultured Splenocytes of Mice Exposed to Different Doses of γ-Radiation

2011

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The radioprotective property of 50 mg/kg body weight jamun (Syzygium cumini) extract was studied in the cultured splenocytes of mice exposed to 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, or 4 Gy of γ-radiation. The spleens of irradiated mice were removed aseptically and the splenocytes were extracted from the individual spleens and cultured. The micronuclei were prepared 72 hours after irradiation in binucleate splenocytes by blocking cytokinesis with cytochalasin-B. Irradiation of mice resulted in a dose-dependent elevation in the micronucleated splenocytes. The exposure of mice not only elevated splenocytes bearing one micronucleus but also cells bearing 2 and multiple (>2) micronuclei indicating induction of complex DNA damage after irradiation. Oral treatment of mice with 50 mg/kg body weight of jamun leaf extract protected against the radiation-induced micronuclei formation. Jamun extract also protected against the formation of 2 and multiple micronuclei indicating repair or inhibition of complex DNA damage. The assessment of lipid peroxidation in mice brain homogenate has indicated a concentration dependent inhibition of lipid peroxidation by jamun extract. Studies in a cell free system revealed that jamun extract inhibited the formation of OH, O 2 −, DPPH, and ABTS + free radicals in a concentration dependent manner. Our study demonstrates that jamun extract protected mice against the radiation-induced DNA damage and inhibition of radiation-induced free radical formation may be one of the mechanisms of radioprotection.

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Section: Splenocyte Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Radiation-Induced DNA Damage by Jamun, Syzygium cumini, in the Cultured Splenocytes of Mice Exposed to Different Doses of γ-Radiation

2011

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“…In anodizing of titanium, The outer anodic layer (partly exposed to the electrolyte) has an excess of hydroxyl ions compared to the inner layer and is considered to be Ti(OH) 4 . The inner layer, where the de-hydroxylation of the film (water releasing) has occurred, is represented as TiO 2 .…”

Section: Anodizing Of Titanium and Preparation Of Titaniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Au‐Nanoparticle/TiO₂‐Nanotubes Electrodes Using Electrochemical Methods and Their Application for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Hydroquinone

2011

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Gold nanoparticle (Au-NPs)-Titanium oxide nanotube (TiO 2 -NTs) electrodes are prepared by using galvanic deposition of gold nanoparticles on TiO 2 -NTs electrodes as support. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results indicate that nanotubular TiO 2 layers consist of individual tubes of about 60-90 nm diameters and gold nanoparticles are well-dispersed on the surface of TiO 2 -NTs support. The electrooxidation of hydroquinone of Au-NPs/TiO 2 -NTs electrodes is investigated by different electrochemical methods. Au-NPs/TiO 2 -NTs electrode can be used repeatedly and exhibits stable electrocatalytic activity for the hydroquinone oxidation. Also, determination of hydroquinone in skin cream using this electrode was evaluated. Results were found to be satisfactory and no matrix effects are observed during the determination of hydroquinone content of the "skin cream" samples.

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“…Male Swiss albino mice (4/dose) were given a single dose of HQ (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg body weight; ip) per day for 6 days and killed 24 hours after the last treatment. 36 Splenocytes were isolated from these animals, cultured for 72 hours and examined for micronuclei formation. No signs of HQinduced toxicity were observed over the treatment period.…”

Section: In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Final Amended Safety Assessment of Hydroquinone as Used in Cosmetics

Andersen¹,

Bergfeld²,

Belsito³

et al. 2010

Int J Toxicol

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Hydroquinone is an aromatic compound that functions in cosmetics as an antioxidant, fragrance, reducing agent, or polymerization inhibitor. Hydroquinone is also used as a skin bleaching agent. Safety and toxicity information indicate that hydroquinone is dermally absorbed in humans from both aqueous and alcoholic formulations and is excreted mainly as the glucuronide or sulfate conjugates. Hydroquinone is associated with altered immune function in vitro and in vivo in animals and an increased incidence of renal tubule cell tumors and leukemia in F344 rats, but the relevance to humans is uncertain. Quantitatively, however, the use of hydroquinone in cosmetics is unlikely to result in renal neoplasia through this mode of action. Thus, hydroquinone is safe at concentrations of ≤1% in hair dyes and is safe for use in nail adhesives. Hydroquinone should not be used in other leave-on cosmetics.

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Genotoxic effect of hydroquinone on the cultured mouse spleenocytes

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

Inhibition of Radiation-Induced DNA Damage by Jamun, Syzygium cumini, in the Cultured Splenocytes of Mice Exposed to Different Doses of γ-Radiation

Inhibition of Radiation-Induced DNA Damage by Jamun, Syzygium cumini, in the Cultured Splenocytes of Mice Exposed to Different Doses of γ-Radiation

Fabrication of Au‐Nanoparticle/TiO₂‐Nanotubes Electrodes Using Electrochemical Methods and Their Application for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Hydroquinone

Final Amended Safety Assessment of Hydroquinone as Used in Cosmetics

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Genotoxic effect of hydroquinone on the cultured mouse spleenocytes

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

Inhibition of Radiation-Induced DNA Damage by Jamun, Syzygium cumini, in the Cultured Splenocytes of Mice Exposed to Different Doses of γ-Radiation

Inhibition of Radiation-Induced DNA Damage by Jamun, Syzygium cumini, in the Cultured Splenocytes of Mice Exposed to Different Doses of γ-Radiation

Fabrication of Au‐Nanoparticle/TiO2‐Nanotubes Electrodes Using Electrochemical Methods and Their Application for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Hydroquinone

Final Amended Safety Assessment of Hydroquinone as Used in Cosmetics

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Fabrication of Au‐Nanoparticle/TiO₂‐Nanotubes Electrodes Using Electrochemical Methods and Their Application for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Hydroquinone