Genotoxic and antigenotoxic potentials of two Usnea species

Abstract

For ages, lichens have long been investigated popularly for biological roles, mainly antitumor, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Many positive results were obtained in these previous research. Thus, in this study, we aimed to determine whether extracts of Usnea articulata (UAE) and Usnea filipendula (UFE) possessing a protection against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced genotoxic and oxidative damage. The results of our studies showed that 5 μM concentrations of AFB1 increased the frequencies of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). However, when 5, 10 and 20 µg/mL concentrations of UAE and UFE was added to AFB1, the frequencies of SCE and MDA level were decreased and SOD, GSH and GPx level were increased. The Ames (Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA1537) and WP2 (Escherichia coli) test systems carried out evinced that UAE and UFE possess any mutagenicity, but have antimutagenic effects. Consequently, the results of this experiment have clearly shown that UAE and UFE have strong antioxidative and antigenotoxic effects that are associated with its antioxidant nature. A detailed study can be performed to determine the antioxidant properties of each compound that will extend the use of lichen extracts in food and pharmacy industries.

İslam Borçlar Hukukunda Fesad Müeyyi̇desi̇ İle Kismi̇ Hükümsüzlük Ve İptal Edi̇lebi̇li̇rli̇k Müeyyi̇deleri̇ni̇n Mukayesesi̇

“…Akdin geçerlilik Ģartları, rızanın zedelenmemesi, ikrah ve hezl olmaması, akdin konusunda ğarar olmaması, teslimde taraflara bir zarar dokunmaması, akdin konusunda cehalet olmaması, fasid bir Ģartın bulunmaması ve riba olmaması 21 olarak sayılabilir.…”

Chemical composition and biological activities of the extracts and secondary metabolites of lichens belonging to the genus Usnea, Parmeliaceae

“…Usnic acid, norstictic acid, atranorin, chloroatranorin, barbatolic acid, lobaric acid, salazinic acid List and Hörhammer (1979); Ranković et al 2012Anti-inflammatory, UVB protective effects Engel et al (2007) Antimicrobial ( In addition, extracts of U. filipendula and U. articulata revealed the ability to protect against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced genotoxic and oxidative damage, whereby it was concluded that antigenotoxic effects of these lichens may be related to their antioxidative potential (Ceker et al, 2015). Similar antigenotoxic effects were reported for methanol extract od U. longissima (Agar et al, 2011).…”

“…Generally, antioxidative activity was assessed using in vitro tests, such as DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity (DPPH assay), nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion scavenging (SAS) assay, reduction power and lipid peroxidation inhibition (LPO) assay, whereby methanol was used as the most appropriate solvent for the extraction of bioactive compounds with antioxidative activity from lichens (Gómez-Serranillos et al, 2014). When it comes to the genus Usnea, it was shown that methanol extracts of U. articulata and U. filipendula have a protective role against AFB1 in human lymphocytes via regulation of enzyme activity (Ceker et al, 2015). In another study, several extracts of U. complanata revealed free radical scavenging activity (DPPH and NO) and LPO inhibition (Behera et al, 2012).…”

Genotoxic, cytotoxic, and apoptotic effects of crude extract of Usnea filipendula Stirt. in vitro

“…Salazinic acid, which is a major metabolite in P. sulcata, was found to possess high cytotoxic activity in human melanoma and colon cancer cell lines (Manojlović et al, 2012). In a recent study, methanol extracts of Usnea articulata and Usnea filipendula were reported to have strong antioxidative and antigenotoxic effects (Ceker at al., 2013). Anticancer activity of Hypogymnia physodes and Parmelia sulcata against breast cancer cell lines and genotoxic effect on human lymphocytes were previously investigated by our research group (Ari et al, 2014b(Ari et al, , 2014c.…”