Genotoxic activity of extractable organic matter from urban airborne particles in Shanghai, China

Zhao, Xin; Wan, Zhi; Chen, Gang; Zhu, Hao; Jiang, Shunhui; Yao, Jiaqing

doi:10.1016/s1383-5718(01)00338-2

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This assumption is corroborated by the observation that the highest activity was found in samples taken when there was a east north east wind, which is the direction from the airport to the sampler. A similar situation was described by Zhoa [36], where high activity measured at a control site was explained by the presence of an international airport.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Comparable values were reported by Nardini [34]; 19 -82 rev/m³ in winter and between 3 -39 rev/m³ in summer. Others like Binkova [35] and Zhoa [36] described lower activies but still with a considerable difference between winter and summer, activities ranged between 13-25 rev/m³ in winter and 4-8 rev/m³ in summer and between 7-24 rev/m³ in winter and 2-8 rev/m³ in summer, respectively. In our study activities in winter were at the same level (4-100 rev/m³) but the activities measured during summer were 2 to 4 times higher then those reported elsewhere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This might be explained by the use of PUF cartridges next to the QF filters in our sampling campaign. Most papers reporting mutagenic activity of ambient air only used filters [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. For the summer samples, 43% of the total activity was found in de PUF extracts whereas only 10% was found in winter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotoxic and mutagenic activity of environmental air samples in Flanders, Belgium

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Genotoxic and mutagenic activity of environmental air samples in Flanders, Belgium

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“…To some extent, this can be explained by the use of different extraction procedures and different bacterial strains. Using S. typhimurium TA98, Zhao et al [2002] also found that S9 reduces the mutagenicity of dichloromethane-extracted TSP, whereas De Martinis et al [1999] reported that the effect of S9 is different for acetone-extracted PM (reduced mutagenicity) and for dichloromethane-extracted material (stimulated mutagenicity). Also, several other studies report an increased mutagenicity in the presence of S9 [Bronzetti et al, 1997;Nielsen et al, 1999;Cerna et al, 2000;Topinka et al, 2000], an effect that Binkova et al [2003] could detect only in PM sampled during winter [Buschini et al, 2001], or report neither a stimulating nor a reducing effect [Sato et al, 1995].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity and physicochemical characteristics of traffic‐related ambient particulate matter

Kok

Hogervorst

Briedé

et al. 2005

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been linked to several adverse health effects. Since vehicular traffic is a PM source of growing importance, we sampled total suspended particulate (TSP), PM(10), and PM(2.5) at six urban locations with pronounced differences in traffic intensity. The mutagenicity, DNA-adduct formation, and induction of oxidative DNA damage by the samples were studied as genotoxicological parameters, in relation to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels, elemental composition, and radical-generating capacity (RGC) as chemical characteristics. We found pronounced differences in the genotoxicity and chemical characteristics of PM from the various locations, although we could not establish a correlation between traffic intensity and any of these characteristics for any of the PM size fractions. Therefore, the differences between locations may be due to local sources of PM, other than traffic. The concentration of total (carcinogenic) PAHs correlated positively with RGC, direct and S9-mediated mutagenicity, as well as the induction of DNA adducts and oxidative DNA damage. The interaction between total PAHs and transition metals correlated positively with DNA-adduct formation, particularly from the PM(2.5) fraction. RGC was not associated with one specific PM size fraction, but mutagenicity and DNA reactivity after metabolic activation were relatively high in PM(10) and PM(2.5), when compared with TSP. We conclude that the toxicological characteristics of urban PM samples show pronounced differences, even when PM concentrations at the sample sites are comparable. This implies that emission reduction strategies that take chemical and toxicological characteristics of PM into account may be useful for reducing the health risks associated with PM exposure.

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“…The data of healthy subjects from our earlier studies on the DNA damage in human lymphocytes [Dhawan et al, 2001;Bajpayee et al, 2002;Bajpayee et al, 2005;Pandey et al, 2005] have now been considered as reference values for the Indian population [Moller, 2006b]. Human biomonitoring studies conducted in developed countries, as well as in China and Thailand, have established associations between elevated levels of DNA damage and exposure to urban air pollution [Zhao et al, 2002;Vineis and Husgafvel-Pursiainen, 2005;Ruchirawat et al, 2007]. However, the genotoxic effect of benzene in petroleum in the Indian population has not been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multipronged evaluation of genotoxicity in Indian petrol‐pump workers

Pandey

Bajpayee

Parmar

et al. 2008

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Petrol (gasoline) contains a number of toxicants. This study used human biomonitoring to evaluate the genotoxic effects of exposure to benzene in petrol fumes in 100 Indian petrol-pump workers (PPWs) and an equal number of controls. The study was corroborated with in silico assessments of the Comet assay results from the human biomonitoring study. An in vitro study in human lymphocytes was also conducted to understand the genotoxicity of benzene and its metabolites. In a subset of the population studied, higher blood benzene levels were detected in the PPWs (n = 39; P < 0.01) than the controls (n = 18), and 100-250 ppb benzene was also detected in air samples from the petrol pumps. PPWs had higher levels of DNA damage than the controls (P < 0.01). In addition, the micronucleus assay was performed on lymphocytes from a subset of the subjects, and the micronucleus frequency for PPWs was significantly higher (n = 39; 14.79 +/- 3.92 per thousand) than the controls (n = 18; 7.54 +/- 3.00 per thousand). Human lymphocytes were treated in vitro with benzene and several of its metabolites and assayed for DNA damage with the Comet assay. Benzene and its metabolites produced significant (P < 0.05) levels of DNA damage at and above concentrations of 10 microM. The metabolite, p-benzoquinone, produced the greatest amount of DNA damage, followed by hydroquinone > benzene > catechol > 1,2,4,-benzenetriol > muconic acid. This study demonstrates that, using sensitive techniques, it is possible to detect human health risks at an early stage when intervention is possible. possible.

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Genotoxic activity of extractable organic matter from urban airborne particles in Shanghai, China

Cited by 32 publications

References 37 publications

Genotoxic and mutagenic activity of environmental air samples in Flanders, Belgium

Genotoxic and mutagenic activity of environmental air samples in Flanders, Belgium

Genotoxicity and physicochemical characteristics of traffic‐related ambient particulate matter

Multipronged evaluation of genotoxicity in Indian petrol‐pump workers

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