Genomic sequence of a ranavirus (family Iridoviridae) associated with salamander mortalities in North America

Jancovich, James K.; Mao, Jinghe; Chinchar, V. Gregory; Wyatt, Christopher; Case, Steven T.; Kumar, Sudhir; Valente, Graziela; Subramanian, Sankar; Davidson, Elizabeth W.; Collins, James P.; Jacobs, Bertram L.

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2003.08.001

Cited by 125 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It is also a model system for molecular characterization of ranaviruses [38][39][40][41][42][43]. (v) Ambystoma tigrinum virus is a lethal ranavirus originally isolated from Sonora tiger salamanders in southern Arizona, USA [44,45]. (vi) Singapore grouper iridovirus is a fish ranavirus isolated from a diseased grouper in Singapore [46,47].…”

Section: Ranaviruses and Their Genomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus genomes and virus-host interactions in aquaculture animals

Zhang

Gui

2015

Sci. China Life Sci.

161

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Over the last 30 years, aquaculture has become the fastest growing form of agriculture production in the world, but its development has been hampered by a diverse range of pathogenic viruses. During the last decade, a large number of viruses from aquatic animals have been identified, and more than 100 viral genomes have been sequenced and genetically characterized. These advances are leading to better understanding about antiviral mechanisms and the types of interaction occurring between aquatic viruses and their hosts. Here, based on our research experience of more than 20 years, we review the wealth of genetic and genomic information from studies on a diverse range of aquatic viruses, including iridoviruses, herpesviruses, reoviruses, and rhabdoviruses, and outline some major advances in our understanding of virus-host interactions in animals used in aquaculture.

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Section: Ranaviruses and Their Genomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus genomes and virus-host interactions in aquaculture animals

Zhang

Gui

2015

Sci. China Life Sci.

161

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“…Upon completion, the amplified DNA fragments were visualized by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. Ten PCR products (5 from each experiment), were sequenced using automated equipment (ABI 377) at the Arizona State University DNA laboratory.Confirmation of the presence of ATV was based upon identical sequence within the 5' region of the MCP, which differs from that of other published iridovirus sequences (Jancovich et al 2003). This region exhibits low divergence among 19 isolates from North America but has 21 bp and 9 amino acid differences from the Ranavirus type species, FV3, and greater differences from other iridoviruses (Jancovich et al 2003, Jancovich et al 2005.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of temperature on Ranavirus infection in larval salamanders Ambystoma tigrinum

Rojas¹,

Richards²,

Jancovich³

et al. 2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

108

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Temperature strongly influenced percent mortality and time to death of salamanders exposed to the Ambystoma tigrinum virus (iridovirus) (ATV). Most salamanders survived when exposed at 26°C, whereas all died at 18°C and nearly all died at 10°C. Some asymptomatic salamanders that survived 60 d at 10 or 26°C were found to be carrying virus. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of virus in ATV-exposed salamanders but was found to be less sensitive than cell culture in detecting ATV at low concentrations. PCR products were 100% identical to ATV in the major capsid protein sequence. Virus titer was higher in salamanders held at 10°C than at 18°C but little virus, if any, was present in the small number of salamanders that died at 26°C. These results may help explain periodic viral epizootics in field populations of A. tigrinum where water temperatures fluctuate widely. KEY WORDS: Epizootic · Cell culture · Iridovirus · Mortality Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 63: [95][96][97][98][99][100] 2005 MATERIALS AND METHODSGeneral methods. ATV was cultured using epithelioma papilloma cyprini (EPC) cells (Fijan et al. 1983). Plaque and TCID 50 (tissue culture infectious dose 50 ; Reed & Muench 1938) assays employing EPC cells were used to estimate the concentration of virus used in each experiment. Three to 4 mo old Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum larvae originated from stock held in the laboratory for at least 2 generations. No mortality due to possible virus infection was observed in the rearing facility during this period. During the experiments, each salamander was held individually in 300 ml of water in a Zip Lock ® (S. C. Johnson) container and water was changed weekly. Salamanders were fed brine shrimp Artemia sp. 3 times a week and observed daily. Salamanders that died were stored at -70°C. At the end of each experiment, body wall samples were taken from all dead larvae and tail clips from surviving salamanders for virus detection. Each sample was placed in a Stomacher ® (Seward) bag containing 2 ml of Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) + 2% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) + penicillin-streptomycin-neomycin (PSN; Sigma) + diatomaceous earth powder, and homogenized in a Stomacher device. The homogenate was centrifuged at 9000 × g for 10 min and the supernatant was stored at -80°C. Supernatant (100 µl) was inoculated onto EPC cells in each well of 12-or 24-well plates, the preparation was rocked for 1 h and then 1 ml of MEM + 10% FBS + PSN was added. Cells were incubated at 22°C under 5% CO 2 and observed for 2 wk for cytopathic effect (CPE). Samples showing no CPE were passed through 2 further sets of EPC cells to confirm the presence or absence of virus.To determine the multiplication of virus at the 3 experimental temperatures, replicate EPC cultures in 24-well plates were inoculated with dilutions of ATV and held at 10, 18 or 26°C for 10 to 16 d. Development of CPE was observed and TCID 50 was calculated during incubation.In order ...

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“…Interestingly, a unique microsatellite consisting of 41 tandemly repeated CA dinucleotides (also known as simple sequence repeat, SSR) was located in the noncoding region between ORFs 79L and 80L, and 34 such repeats were also found in FV3 and STIV. Previous studies revealed that repeated sequences are common in iridoviruses, poxviruses, herpesvirus, baculoviruses, adenoviruses and retroviruses and may serve as regulatory elements involved in transcription, gene regulation and protein function [42,43], suggesting that the repeat sequences in the RGV genome could play a regulatory role in viral replication. Furthermore, microsatellites such as CA and GCAGGA, as mutational hotspots, could produce genetic polymorphisms that are useful for studies of quantitative genetic variation and evolutionary adaptation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequencing and analysis of the complete genome of Rana grylio virus (RGV)

Zhu

et al. 2012

Arch Virol

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Infection with Rana grylio virus (RGV), an iridovirus isolated in China in 1995, resulted in a high mortality rate in frogs. The complete genome sequence of RGV was determined and analyzed. The genomic DNA was 105,791 bp long, with 106 open reading frames (ORFs). Dot plot analysis showed that the gene order of RGV shared colinearity with three completely sequenced ranaviruses. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on concatenated sequences of iridovirus 26 core-gene-encoded proteins, and the result showed high bootstrap support for RGV being a member of the genus Ranavirus and that iridoviruses of other genera also clustered closely. A microRNA (miRNA) prediction revealed that RGV could encode 18 mature miRNAs, many of which were located near genes associated with virus replication. Thirty-three repeated sequences were found in the RGV genome. These results provide insight into the genetic nature of RGV and are useful for laboratory diagnosis for vertebrate iridoviruses.

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Genomic sequence of a ranavirus (family Iridoviridae) associated with salamander mortalities in North America

Cited by 125 publications

References 37 publications

Virus genomes and virus-host interactions in aquaculture animals

Virus genomes and virus-host interactions in aquaculture animals

Influence of temperature on Ranavirus infection in larval salamanders Ambystoma tigrinum

Sequencing and analysis of the complete genome of Rana grylio virus (RGV)

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