Genomic organization of four β-1,4-endoglucanase genes in plant-parasitic cyst nematodes and its evolutionary implications

Yan, Yuchao; Smant, G.; Stokkermans, J.P.W.G.; Qin, Ling; Helder, J.; Baum, Thomas J.; Schots, A.; Davis, Eric

doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(98)00413-2

Cited by 123 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Because the literature contains compelling arguments to support the hypothesis that during its evolutionary history RKN has acquired genes via HGT (23, 24), we searched for M. hapla genes encoding proteins with significant matches only to bacterial proteins but not to other animal proteins. Since their first discovery in plant-parasitic nematodes (25,26), many of these genes have been subjected to intensive individual scrutiny. Not surprisingly, we found many of the HGT candidates that had been identified in tylenchids, including, but not limited to, hydroxymuconicsemialdehyde hydrolase, endoglucanases, chorismate mutase, exo-polygalacturonase, glutamine synthetase, isochorismatase, L-threonine aldolase, NodL, pectate lyase, and other pectinases (9).…”

Section: Hapla Has Suites Of Genes Acquired From Bacteria Via Horimentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence and genetic map of Meloidogyne hapla : A compact nematode genome for plant parasitism

Opperman

Bird

Williamson

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

414

396

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We have established Meloidogyne hapla as a tractable model plant-parasitic nematode amenable to forward and reverse genetics, and we present a complete genome sequence. At 54 Mbp, M. hapla represents not only the smallest nematode genome yet completed, but also the smallest metazoan, and defines a platform to elucidate mechanisms of parasitism by what is the largest uncontrolled group of plant pathogens worldwide. The M. hapla genome encodes significantly fewer genes than does the freeliving nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (most notably through a reduction of odorant receptors and other gene families), yet it has acquired horizontally from other kingdoms numerous genes suspected to be involved in adaptations to parasitism. In some cases, amplification and tandem duplication have occurred with genes suspected of being acquired horizontally and involved in parasitism of plants. Although M. hapla and C. elegans diverged >500 million years ago, many developmental and biochemical pathways, including those for dauer formation and RNAi, are conserved. Although overall genome organization is not conserved, there are areas of microsynteny that may suggest a primary biological function in nematodes for those genes in these areas. This sequence and map represent a wealth of biological information on both the nature of nematode parasitism of plants and its evolution.compaction ͉ dauer ͉ development ͉ horizontal gene transfer ͉ gene N ematodes are an abundant and species-rich animal phylum.They share a common body plan on which various adaptations have evolved, enabling Nematoda to occupy essentially all ecological niches, including being parasites of many other organisms (1). Parasitism of plants appears to have arisen independently in three of the major 12 nematode clades (2) and results in annual losses to world agriculture estimated to exceed $US100 billion (3, 4). The majority of damage is caused by sedentary endoparasitic forms in the order Tylenchida, which includes the root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp., RKN). RKN have a cosmopolitan distribution and a host range that spans most crops, although individual RKN species exhibit a more restricted host range. Mature female RKN release hundreds of eggs onto the surface of the root that hatch in the soil as second-stage larvae (L2) and typically reinfect the same plant. RKN L2 are similar in function to dauer larvae (5), which were first described as an adaptation to parasitism to overcome adverse environmental conditions and facilitate dispersal (6), but have been best studied in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (7). These larvae are developmentally arrested, motile, nonfeeding, nonaging, and long-lived. Like C. elegans dauers, RKN L2 are detergent-resistant (5), use the glyoxylate pathway (8), and exhibit intestinal morphology with sparse luminal microvilli and numerous lipid storage vesicles that permit long-term survival in the soil. RKN L2 penetrate the root and migrate intercellularly into the vascular cylinder. Migration is accompanied by extensive ...

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Section: Hapla Has Suites Of Genes Acquired From Bacteria Via Horimentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence and genetic map of Meloidogyne hapla : A compact nematode genome for plant parasitism

Opperman

Bird

Williamson

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

414

396

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“…The first members of a parasitome to be cloned from plant-parasitic nematodes were ß-1,4-endoglucanases (cellulases) developmentally expressed in the two subventral gland cells of Heterodera glycines and Globodera rostochiensis Yan et al, 1998). Two cellulase cDNAs in each cyst nematode species (Hg-eng-1 and Gr-eng-1) encode a predicted secretion signal peptide, cellulase catalytic domain, small peptide linker, and a cellulose binding domain (CBD).…”

Section: Parasitism Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combined evidence demonstrates that the ß-1,4-endoglucanases are endogenous in cyst nematodes, the first report of cellulase genes found in any animal . Interestingly, the strong similarity of the cyst nematode cellulases to those from bacteria and their weak similarity to other eukaryotic genes (including C. elegans), suggests that the cellulase genes may have been acquired from prokaryotic microbes via horizontal gene transfer to an ancestor of cyst nematodes (Keen and Roberts, 1998;Smant et al, 1998;Yan et al, 1998;Davis et al, 2000). Cyst nematode intracellular migration in roots and feeding from parasitized roots cells requires degradation of plant cell walls and this is facilitated by in planta secretion of cellulase by these parasites .…”

Section: Rs Hussey Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Secrets in secretions: genes that control nematode parasitism of plants

Hussey

Davis

Baum

2002

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

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The most evolutionary advanced adaptations for plant parasitism by nematodes are the products of parasitism genes expressed in their esophageal gland cells and secreted through their stylet into host tissue to control the complex process of parasitism. Molecular analyses of nematode parasitism genes are revealing the complexity of the tools that enable the nematode to attack plants, and the results paint a more elaborate picture of host cellular events under specific control by the parasite than previously hypothesized. Interestingly, the majority of the parasitism genes discovered encodes proteins unique to plant-parasitic nematodes. Identifying the nematode parasitome, i.e., the complete profile of parasitism gene products secreted through the nematode stylet during the parasitic cycle, is the key to understanding the molecular basis of nematode parasitism of plants. Such knowledge will identify vulnerable points in the parasitic process that can be interfered with to achieve nematode control to limit nematode-induced yield losses in crops.Key words: esophageal gland cells, nematode parasitism, parasitome, parasitism genes, secretion.Secredos em secreções: genes tque controlam o parasitismo de nematóides de plantas: As mais avançadas adaptações evolucionárias para o parasitismo de plantas por nematóides são os produtos dos genes de parasitismo expressos nas células da sua glândula esofagial e secretados através do estilete no tecido do hospedeiro, com a finalidade de controlar o complexo processo de parasitismo. Análises moleculares de genes de parasitismo de nematóides têm revelado a complexidade das ferramentas que os permitem atacar as plantas e também obter uma visão mais elaborada do que antes se tinha por hipótese, dos eventos celulares do hospedeiro sob controle específico do parasita. Interessantemente, a maioria dos genes de parasitismo de nematóides descobertos, codificam proteínas específicas para nematóides parasitas de plantas. Identificar o parasitoma do nematóide, isto é, o perfil completo dos produtos dos genes de parasitismo secretados através do estilete durante o ciclo parasítico, é a chave para a compreensão da base molecular do parasitismo de nematóides de plantas. Este conhecimento permitirá identificar os pontos vulneráveis no processo parasítico que podem sofrer interferência, a fim de se controlar o nematóide e limitar as perdas de produção que eles causam em plantas cultivadas.Palavras-chave: células da glândula esofogial, genes de parasitismo, parasitoma, parasitismo de nematóides, secreção.

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“…The human genome sequences in GenBank (release 113) and htgs database hit by our cDNAs were retrieved, and the exonintron organization was obtained by sequence comparison with the sim4 program (Yan et al 1998).…”

Section: Genomic Organization Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and Functional Analysis of cDNAs with Open Reading Frames for 300 Previously Undefined Genes Expressed in CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells

Zhang

Yang

Wu³

et al. 2000

Genome Res.

165

127

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Three hundred cDNAs containing putatively entire open reading frames (ORFs) for previously undefined genes were obtained from CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), based on EST cataloging, clone sequencing, in silico cloning, and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The cDNA sizes ranged from 360 to 3496 bp and their ORFs coded for peptides of 58-752 amino acids. Public database search indicated that 225 cDNAs exhibited sequence similarities to genes identified across a variety of species. Homology analysis led to the recognition of 50 basic structural motifs/domains among these cDNAs. Genomic exon-intron organization could be established in 243 genes by integration of cDNA data with genome sequence information. Interestingly, a new gene named as HSPC070 on 3p was found to share a sequence of 105bp in 3Ј UTR with RAF gene in reversed transcription orientation. Chromosomal localizations were obtained using electronic mapping for 192 genes and with radiation hybrid (RH) for 38 genes. Macroarray technique was applied to screen the gene expression patterns in five hematopoietic cell lines (NB4, HL60, U937, K562, and Jurkat) and a number of genes with differential expression were found. The resource work has provided a wide range of information useful not only for expression genomics and annotation of genomic DNA sequence, but also for further research on the function of genes involved in hematopoietic development and differentiation.

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Genomic organization of four β-1,4-endoglucanase genes in plant-parasitic cyst nematodes and its evolutionary implications

Cited by 123 publications

References 24 publications

Sequence and genetic map of Meloidogyne hapla : A compact nematode genome for plant parasitism

Sequence and genetic map of Meloidogyne hapla : A compact nematode genome for plant parasitism

Secrets in secretions: genes that control nematode parasitism of plants

Cloning and Functional Analysis of cDNAs with Open Reading Frames for 300 Previously Undefined Genes Expressed in CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells

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