Genomic Diversity in
            <i>Staphylococcus xylosus</i>

Dordet‐Frisoni, Emilie; Dorchies, Géraud; Araujo, Cécilia De; Talon, Régine; Léroy, Sabine

doi:10.1128/aem.01629-07

Cited by 60 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Genomes of several strains of starter CNS have also been published, namely, S. xylosus SMQ-121 [180], S. xylosus S04002 [181], and S. carnosus TM300 [182].…”

Section: Omics Of Meat Starter Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use of Starter Cultures in Traditional Meat Products

Laranjo

Elías

Fraqueza

2017

Journal of Food Quality

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Starter cultures could play an essential role in the manufacture of traditional cured meat products. In order to achieve objectives related to meat products' quality and safety improvement, the selection of particular strains constituting a starter culture should be carried out in the context of its application, since its functionality will depend on the type of sausage and process conditions. Also, strain selection should comply with particular requirements to warrant safety. The aim of the current review is to update the knowledge on the use of starter cultures in traditional meat products, with focus on dry-fermented products. In this manuscript, we will try to give answers to some relevant questions: Which starter cultures are used and why? Why are LAB used? What are their role and their specific mode of action? Which other groups of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) are used as starter cultures and how do they act? A particular revision of omics approach regarding starter cultures is made since the use of these techniques allows rapid screening of promising wild strains with desirable functional characteristics, enabling the development of starter cultures better adapted to the meat matrix.

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“…Genomes of several strains of starter CNS have also been published, namely, S. xylosus SMQ-121 [180], S. xylosus S04002 [181], and S. carnosus TM300 [182].…”

Section: Omics Of Meat Starter Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A genome comparison of several S. xylosus meat starter cultures, including strain S04002, with other S. xylosus strains causing cow and goat mastitis, among others, has shown the presence of aroma compounds in S. xylosus S04002 [181].…”

Section: Omics Of Meat Starter Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Starter Cultures in Traditional Meat Products

Laranjo

Elías

Fraqueza

2017

Journal of Food Quality

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“…After the final ABC transporter gene, there is an imperfect 53-bp inverted repeat (IR), which suggests that this region was once part of a separate mobile element or has undergone deletion mediated by this repeat. Immediately upstream of this is a myo-inositol (MI) utilization cluster, which was previously identified in strain S04009 by subtractive hybridization (13). Downstream from the MI utilization cluster are more genes present in joining region 1 (J1) in the type XI SCCmec in LGA251.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Staphylococcus xylosus Isolate with a New mecC Allotype

Harrison

Paterson

Holden

et al. 2013

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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jRecently, a novel variant of mecA known as mecC (mecA LGA251 ) was identified in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from both humans and animals. In this study, we identified a Staphylococcus xylosus isolate that harbors a new allotype of the mecC gene, mecC1. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that mecC1 forms part of a class E mec complex (mecI-mecR1-mecC1-blaZ) located at the orfX locus as part of a likely staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (SCCmec) remnant, which also contains a number of other genes present on the type XI SCCmec. Methicillin resistance in staphylococci is encoded by mecA, encoding the penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which has a low affinity for beta-lactam antibiotics (1). As a result, the transpeptidase activity of PBP2a is functional at normally inhibitory concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics, allowing cell wall synthesis to occur (2-4). Recently, a novel variant of mecA was identified in Staphylococcus aureus from cattle (5), humans, and a range of other animal species (6) in Denmark, France, The Netherlands, Ireland, Germany, Belgium, and the United Kingdom (5, 7-11). This subtype was originally designated mecA LGA251 but has since been renamed mecC and shares 70% nucleotide identity with the conventional mecA gene. The mecC gene is present with its cognate regulators mecI-mecR1, as part of a class E mec complex that shares structural similarity (mecI-mecR1-mecC-blaZ) with a mec gene complex found in Macrococcus caseolyticus (12). The class E complex is present as part of a larger, 29.4-kb, type XI staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (SCCmec) inserted at orfX; this element also includes the recombinase genes ccrAB and arsenic resistance genes. In this work, we describe a highly related mecC homolog present in the orfX locus in a Staphylococcus xylosus.A search of the EMBL nucleotide database identified submission of sequences from S. xylosus strain S04009 (13) with a high degree of similarity (Ͼ90%) to mecC (5, 8). However, antimicrobial susceptibility testing of strain S04009 by disk diffusion with oxacillin and cefoxitin showed it to be susceptible to both antibiotics but resistant to penicillin using British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) criteria (version 10.2) (data not shown). Therefore, we submitted the mecC-positive strain S04009 and a mecC-negative S. xylosus isolate, S040010, for whole-genome sequencing to further characterize the mecC-containing region. Illumina library preparation was carried out as described by Quail et al. (14), and HiSeq sequencing was carried out following the manufacturer's standard protocols (Illumina, Inc.). Genome sequencing confirmed the presence of a mecC homolog in S04009 located downstream of the S. xylosus orfX homolog, a region associated with horizontally transferred elements (Fig. 1). Immediately downstream of orfX in S04009 is a 3.3-kb region that shows a high degree of similarity (Ͼ95% nucleotide identity) to the 3= end of the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) in the S. aureus USA300 strai...

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“…The most of S. xylosus isolates had their own pulsotypes. A large diversity of PFGE pulsotypes in S. xylosus has also been found by Dordet-Frisoni et al (2007). They have not observed any relationship between the origin of S. xylosus strains and their SmaI PFGE results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Antimicrobial resistance and genotypes of staphylococci from bovine milk and the cowshed environment

Kot¹,

Piechota²,

Antos-Bielska³

et al. 2012

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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Investigation of antimicrobial resistance and genetic relatedness of staphylococci from milk of cows with mastitis and cowshed environment was the aim of this study. Antimicrobial resistance against 14 antimicrobials were determined by using a disc diffusion method. Genetic similarity between the most frequently isolated species was analysed by PFGE (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis). Haemolytic activity, DNase, protease and esterase production was also investigated. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species were isolated from 30.8% of milk samples from cows with mastitis. The most frequently isolated species was Staphylococcus xylosus and yield of these organisms was significantly associated with milk of mastitis cows. S. epidermidis was a predominant penicillin-resistant species. High frequency of resistance to lincomycin was observed among isolates of S. sciuri (54.2%) and S. xylosus (25.9%) from cows with mastitis. PFGE (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) analysis of 29 Staphylococcus aureus isolates showed the presence of 17 PFGE pulsotypes. Isolates of S. sciuri (n=36) had unique PFGE patterns. Some S. xylosus isolates from milk and milker's hands had the same PFGE pulsotypes, and this observation could indicate that dairyman may be a potential source of the infection. The pulsotype of each of the remaining isolates of S. xylosus suggested that they might have come from common environmental sources; however, these isolates differed in antibiotic resistance pattern or virulence traits. Therefore, knowledge about antibiotic sensitivity pattern and virulence factors of a CNS isolate, besides its genotype, may be informative in tracking the source of the infection.

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Genomic Diversity in Staphylococcus xylosus

Cited by 60 publications

References 37 publications

The Use of Starter Cultures in Traditional Meat Products

The Use of Starter Cultures in Traditional Meat Products

A Staphylococcus xylosus Isolate with a New mecC Allotype

Antimicrobial resistance and genotypes of staphylococci from bovine milk and the cowshed environment

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