Genomic characterization of classical swine fever virus LOM variants with 3′-UTR INDELs from pigs on Jeju Island, South Korea

Jang, Guehwan; Kim, Joo-Ah; Yoo, Hyekyung; Yang, Kyungsu; Yang, Hyoung-Seok; Park, Changnam; Jeong, Kyongju; Park, Choi‐Kyu; Lyoo, Young S.; Lee, Changhee

doi:10.1007/s00705-020-04651-1

Cited by 7 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The LOM-derived Jeju strain KNU-1905 (GenBank accession number: MN399380) was isolated and maintained in our laboratory (Jang et al, 2020). The viruses were independently propagated in LLC-PK1 cells, as described previously (Jang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Cells and Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity of a novel classical swine fever LOM vaccine‐derived virus isolated on Jeju Island, South Korea

Jang

Kim²,

Park

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background Reemergent local outbreaks of classical swine fever (CSF) occurred simultaneously in multiple pig farms on CSF‐free Jeju Island, South Korea, in 2014 because of inadvertent injection of a commercial CSF (LOM) vaccine into pregnant sows. The LOM virus has since spread across the island and has become endemic in Jeju herds, raising concern about possible reversion to the virulence of the LOM vaccine. We previously isolated LOM‐derived field CSF virus (CSFV) strains with unique insertion‐deletion (INDEL) mutations in the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR), designated LOM‐derived Jeju 3′‐UTR INDEL variants, from CSF‐recurrent swine farms on Jeju Island in 2019. Methods The present study conducted animal experiments to investigate whether a 2019 emergent LOM 3′‐UTR INDEL variant, KNU‐1905, has reverted to a pathogenic form in conventional pigs (n = 10). Results Experimental animal infection showed that pigs inoculated with the commercial LOM vaccine strain developed no adverse effects compared to the sham‐infected pigs. However, KNU‐1905 displayed pathogenic characteristics in pigs, including clinical symptoms (e.g., lethargy, conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, and diarrhoea), weight loss, and gross lesions. Moreover, viremia, virus shedding in faeces and nasal fluids, and viral loads in various tissues of all the KNU‐1905‐infected pigs were highly significant, in contrast to those of the LOM‐infected group in which CSFV RNA was detected only in the serum, nasal, and tonsil samples of one identical pig. Conclusions Overall, the LOM‐derived field isolate with molecular variations induced clinical adverse events in pigs, which commonly shed considerable amounts of CSFV. This study provides evidence that the genetic evolution of the LOM‐derived CSFV circulating on Jeju Island might have allowed the LOM vaccine to recover its primary prototype and that these variants might have induced chronic or persistent infection in pigs that can shed CSFV in field farms leading to a risk of transmission among pigs or farms in this former CSF‐free region.

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Section: Cells and Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity of a novel classical swine fever LOM vaccine‐derived virus isolated on Jeju Island, South Korea

Jang

Kim²,

Park

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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“…Indeed, after the unintentional vaccination of the LOM vaccine strain in 2014, CSFV reemerged in Jeju Island, South Korea, which had been a CSF-free region with a non-vaccination policy for a decade [ 46 ]. Since the reemergence, endemic outbreaks of CSFV have occurred in the island, causing enormous damage to pig farms [ 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Live Attenuated Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LOM virus has spread in the herd population and caused clinical signs in young pigs and pregnant sows. At this time, this region considered as CSF-free during decades has become endemic to CSFV [ 47 , 48 ]. Very recently, vaccination with the new Flc-LOM-BErns started in South Korea, as part of the CSF control program.…”

Section: Emergence Of New Csfv Subgenotype In Endemic Regions Undementioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review about Different Vaccines against Classical Swine Fever Virus and Their Repercussions in Endemic Regions

et al. 2021

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Classical swine fever (CSF) is, without any doubt, one of the most devasting viral infectious diseases affecting the members of Suidae family, which causes a severe impact on the global economy. The reemergence of CSF virus (CSFV) in several countries in America, Asia, and sporadic outbreaks in Europe, sheds light about the serious concern that a potential global reemergence of this disease represents. The negative aspects related with the application of mass stamping out policies, including elevated costs and ethical issues, point out vaccination as the main control measure against future outbreaks. Hence, it is imperative for the scientific community to continue with the active investigations for more effective vaccines against CSFV. The current review pursues to gather all the available information about the vaccines in use or under developing stages against CSFV. From the perspective concerning the evolutionary viral process, this review also discusses the current problematic in CSF-endemic countries.

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“…Despite decades of efforts, it is still difficult to eliminate CSF in endemically affected regions and re-emerging areas [30,31]. The emergence of moderate or attenuated CSFV strains results in persistent recessive infection and immunosuppression in pigs, making it more challenging to control CSF [32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Classical Swine Fever Virus Strategies

et al. 2021

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Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by CSF virus (CSFV), is a highly contagious swine disease with high morbidity and mortality, which has caused significant economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Biosecurity measures and vaccination are the main methods for prevention and control of CSF since no specific drug is available for the effective treatment of CSF. Although a series of biosecurity and vaccination strategies have been developed to curb the outbreak events, it is still difficult to eliminate CSF in CSF-endemic and re-emerging areas. Thus, in addition to implementing enhanced biosecurity measures and exploring more effective CSF vaccines, other strategies are also needed for effectively controlling CSF. Currently, more and more research about anti-CSFV strategies was carried out by scientists, because of the great prospects and value of anti-CSFV strategies in the prevention and control of CSF. Additionally, studies on anti-CSFV strategies could be used as a reference for other viruses in the Flaviviridae family, such as hepatitis C virus, dengue virus, and Zika virus. In this review, we aim to summarize the research on anti-CSFV strategies. In detail, host proteins affecting CSFV replication, drug candidates with anti-CSFV effects, and RNA interference (RNAi) targeting CSFV viral genes were mentioned and the possible mechanisms related to anti-CSFV effects were also summarized.

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Genomic characterization of classical swine fever virus LOM variants with 3′-UTR INDELs from pigs on Jeju Island, South Korea

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Pathogenicity of a novel classical swine fever LOM vaccine‐derived virus isolated on Jeju Island, South Korea

Pathogenicity of a novel classical swine fever LOM vaccine‐derived virus isolated on Jeju Island, South Korea

A Critical Review about Different Vaccines against Classical Swine Fever Virus and Their Repercussions in Endemic Regions

Anti-Classical Swine Fever Virus Strategies

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