Genomic analysis of epithelial ovarian cancer

Abstract

Ovarian cancer is a major health problem for women in the United States. Despite evidence of considerable heterogeneity, most cases of ovarian cancer are treated in a similar fashion. The molecular basis for the clinicopathologic characteristics of these tumors remains poorly defined. Whole genome expression profiling is a genomic tool, which can identify dysregulated genes and uncover unique sub-classes of tumors. The application of this technology to ovarian cancer has provided a solid molecular basis for differences in histology and grade of ovarian tumors. Differentially expressed genes identified pathways implicated in cell proliferation, invasion, motility, chromosomal instability, and gene silencing and provided new insights into the origin and potential treatment of these cancers. The added knowledge provided by global gene expression profiling should allow for a more rational treatment of ovarian cancers. These techniques are leading to a paradigm shift from empirical treatment to an individually tailored approach. This review summarizes the new genomic data on epithelial ovarian cancers of different histology and grade and the impact it will have on our understanding and treatment of this disease.

Identification of ribonucleotide reductase M2 as a potential target for pro-senescence therapy in epithelial ovarian cancer

“…2 The most common histology of EOC is serous (~60% of all cancers), and less common histologies include endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous. 3 Recently, an alternative classification has been proposed, in which EOC is broadly divided into 2 types. 4 Type I EOC includes mucinous, low-grade serous, low-grade endometrioid, and clear cell carcinomas, and type II EOC includes high-grade serous and highgrade endometrioid carcinomas.…”

Overexpression of S100A14 in human serous ovarian carcinoma

“…Since there are no evident early symptoms of ovarian cancer and there is a lack of sensitive and specific clinical indicators of early diagnosis, 75% of patients with ovarian cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease (7,33,34). Therefore, the identification and development of biomarkers for ovarian cancer is urgently required.…”

Infertilitetsbehandling og kreftrisiko

“…Ovulasjonen i seg selv kan inngå i mekanismer som knyttes til ovarialkreft-etiologi (44,45). Hypotesen om uopphørlig ovulasjon (incessant ovulation) (45) postulerer at hyppige ovulasjoner som fører til skade og reparasjon av ovariets overflateepitel, øker sannsynligheten for DNA-mutasjoner og kan predisponere for malign transformasjon (4). Dette kan forklare hvorfor flergangsfødende kvinner har 30-70 % lavere risiko for ovarialkreft enn kvinner som ikke har født barn (46)(47)(48).…”

“…Økt cellevekst kan vaere årsak her. Økt antall eggløsninger, follikkelaspirasjoner, inflammasjon og reparasjonsmekanismer kan spille en rolle ved ovarialkreft (4).…”