Genome-wide identification and characterization of glutathione S-transferase gene family in Musa acuminata L. AAA group and gaining an insight to their role in banana fruit development

Abstract

Glutathione S-transferases are a multifunctional protein superfamily that is involved in diverse plant functions such as defense mechanisms, signaling, stress response, secondary metabolism, plant growth and development. Although the banana whole genome sequence is available but the distribution of GST genes on banana chromosomes, their subcellular localization, gene structure, their evolutionary relation with each other, conserved motifs and their roles in banana are still unknown. A total of 50 full length GST genes with the canonical thioredoxin fold have been identi ed belonging to seven GST classes namely tau, phi, zeta, lambda, DHAR, EF1G and GHR. The 50 GST genes were distributed into 11 banana chromosomes. All the MaGSTs were majorly localized in the cytoplasm. Gene architecture showed the conservation of exon numbers in individual GST classes. MEME analyses revealed few class speci c motifs and many motifs were found in all the GST classes. Multiple sequence alignment of banana GST amino acid sequences with rice, Arabidopsis and soybean sequences revealed the Ser and Cys as conserved catalytic residue. Gene duplication analyses showed the tandem duplication as a driving force for GST gene family expansion in banana. Cis-regulatory element analysis showed the dominance of light responsive element followed by stress and hormone responsive element. Expression pro ling analyses was also done by RNA-seq data. It was observed that MaGSTs are involved in various stages of fruit development. MaGSTU1 was highly upregulated. The comprehensive and organized studies of MaGST genes family provides groundwork for further functional analysis of MaGST genes in banana at molecular level and further for plant breeding approaches.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of Glutathione S-transferase gene family in Cajanus cajan and their expression profiling under different developmental stages in anatomical tissues

“…The 37 CcGST genes were localized in nine Cajanus chromosomes. The pattern of the chromosomal distribution of CcGSTs was found in clusters in the proximal or distal end, as reported in wheat (Wang et al 2019b) and banana GSTs (Vaish et al 2022). It is reported that the origin of new members in a gene family is majorly due to gene duplication events and is a key factor in plant genome evolution [53].…”

“…The number of exon/intron was conserved among the classes such as two exons in tau, three exons in phi, six exons in DHAR, GHR, and EF1G, seven exons in theta class, ten exons in zeta, and eight exons in lambda. Multiple sequence alignment revealed the conservation of signature motifs in eight CcGST classes such as W(A/V)S(P/M) in tau, (E/Q)SR(A/K/G)I in phi, SQPS/C in theta, SSCS/A in zeta, CPF/YA in lambda, CPFC/S in DHAR, and CPWA in GHR (Vaish et al 2020;Vaish et al 2022;Wang et al 2019b). Phosphorylation is the most common post-translational modi cation in proteins that plays a major role in plant functions.…”

“…Based on their localization, GSTs are also known to be cytosolic, microsomal, and mitochondrial (Vaish et al 2020). Currently, genome-wide identi cation and characterization of the GST gene family have been performed in many plant species like melon (Song et al 2020), tea plant (Cao et al 2022), banana (Vaish et al 2022), pumpkin (Kayum et al 2018), radish (Gao et al 2020), etc. Wheat is the only plant species with more than 330 GST genes (Wang et al 2019b).…”

GmGSTU23 Encoding a Tau Class Glutathione S-Transferase Protein Enhances the Salt Tolerance of Soybean (Glycine max L.)

“…Specifically, its primary function is to catalyze the coupling of some electrophilic groups with the thiols of reduced glutathione, to change its hydrophobicity so that it can easily cross the cell membrane to the extracellular space after being decomposed, thus achieving detoxification [ 70 , 71 ]. According to previous genome-wide identification reports of the GST family, it has been found that it has functions related to oxidative stress responses to abiotic stress [ 17 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. AtGSTF8 , AtGSTU19 , and AtGST1 relieved salt stress by maintaining redox homeostasis in A. thaliana roots [ 76 , 77 ].…”

Genome-Wide Identification of Glutathione S-Transferase Genes in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Reveals Their Potential Role in Anthocyanin Accumulation on the Fruit Peel

“…The cysteinyl and serinyl GST perform diverse functions; for example, the serinyl group is involved in the glutathionylation reactions, comprising coupling of glutathione to foreign substances, rendering them soluble and they are subsequently expelled from the plant cell. On the other hand, cysteinyl GST facilitates deglutathionylation reactions and also catalyzes the reduction of dehydroascorbate [32][33][34].…”