“…Using both Nr-annotation and homology searches, we newly annotated 34 candidate neuropeptide genes in H. hebetor ( Table 1 , Supplementary Material File 1 ). When compared with other insects, such as P. puparum (Xu et al, 2020 ), A. mellifera (Hummon et al, 2006 ), D. melanogaster (Hewes and Taghert, 2001 ), B. mori (Roller et al, 2008 ), T. castaneum (Li et al, 2008 ), N. lugens (Tanaka et al, 2014 ), and Chilo suppressalis (Xu et al, 2016 ), evidently H. hebetor has the fewest neuropeptide precursor genes ( Supplementary Table 1 ), and also slightly fewer types of neuropeptides. Then, by using the RNA-Seq and genomic data of Cotesia vestalis (Wei et al, 2010 ), D. alloeum (Lowe and Eddy, 1997 ), Diadromus collaris (Li et al, 2015 ), Fopius arisanus (Lowe and Eddy, 1997 ), Macrocentrus cingulum (Yin et al, 2018 ) , Microplitis demolitor (Burke et al, 2014 ), and Trichogramma pretiosum (Lowe and Eddy, 1997 ), we were able to identify their neuropeptide precursor genes using the same method ( Table 2 ).…”