Genome size stability across EurasianChenopodiumspecies (Amaranthaceae)

Abstract

Tremendous interspecific genome size variation is a well known phenomenon, whereas genome size within a species is supposed to be exceptionally stable and thus useful as a taxonomic trait. Using DAPI flow cytometry, we tested the stability of genome size in various representatives of Chenopodium s.s. (Amaranthaceae) across a broad geographical range (from Portugal to eastern Russia) in Eurasia. We sampled 1977 Chenopodium individuals of four different ploidies (di‐, tetra‐, hexa‐ and decaploids) from 347 populations. Intraspecific relative genome size variation was low, ranging from 2.0% in C. probstii to 7.7% in C. album, even in the species with broad distributions. We distinguished 12 homogeneous relative genome size groups among the 17 Chenopodium spp. tested. Genome size is useful for distinguishing certain morphologically similar groups of species such as C. suecicum/C. album, C. vulvaria/C. pamiricum–C. iljinii/C. sosnowskyi/C. karoi. Due to its genome size stability, the cosmopolitan species C. album can be used as an alternative internal standard in flow‐cytometric analyses with the additional advantages of annual life cycle, self‐compatibility and common occurrence all over the world. Finally, we did not detect any sign of hybridization between Chenopodium spp. of different ploidies.

De novo transcriptome assembly, development of EST-SSR markers and population genetic analyses for the desert biomass willow, Salix psammophila

“…In Knautia , the results of ploidy and genome size of 23 species indicated that genome size of tetraploid K. arvernensis and hexaploid K. ressmannii is approximately 1.8-fold and approximately 2.7-fold than diploid K. calycina , respectively41. Similar results of the genome size being inconsistent with the ploidy level were also observed in Chenopodium 42 and Avena 43. One likely reason for this phenomenon is that some genes or chromosome fragments with functional redundancy had not doubled in a genome duplication event, or they were deleted after genome duplication event44.…”

Karyological patterns in the European endemic genus Soldanella L.: Absolute genome size variation uncorrelated with cytotype chromosome numbers

“…1B, 2B, and 3). Therefore, unlike in various other plant groups, AGS in the genus Soldanella cannot serve as an efficient predictor for delimitation of taxa with 2 n = 40 (e.g., Suda et al, 2007; Olšavská et al, 2013; Prančl et al, 2014; Vít et al, 2016). Furthermore, the relative AGS stability is also apparent at both the species and the population level (Appendix S1).…”

“…[Pinaceae] (Bogunic et al, 2007) and Chenopodium spp. [Amaranthaceae] (Vít et al, 2016). Which factors are responsible for the general AGS stasis in Soldanella observed in levels ranging from within genus to within population?…”

“…Pawłowska, 1972; Zhang et al, 2001; Zhang and Kadereit, 2004), the observed AGS variation might reflect their phylogeographic history and infraspecific diversification events (cf. Schönswetter et al, 2007; Slovák et al, 2009; Cires et al, 2010; Vít et al, 2016). Alternative mechanisms that might prevent stabilization of genomes and that lead to a formation of more pronounced within‐species AGS variation could be an extensive gene flow among populations of closely related taxa (e.g., Mahelka et al, 2007; Suda et al, 2007; Prančl et al, 2014; Vít et al, 2016).…”

Human‐mediated dispersal of weed species during the Holocene: A case study of Chenopodium album agg.

“…The C. album aggregate represents a diploid-polyploid complex with individual species very tightly correlated with specific ploidy level and genome size. Thus, the recognised species include diploids (2n = 2x = 18), tetraploids (2n = 4x = 36), hexaploids (2n = 6x = 54) and decaploids (2n = 10x = 90) (Mandák, Trávníček, Paštová, & Kořínková, 2012;Mandák et al, 2016;Vít et al, 2016). The group is also extremely variable morphologically and possesses a high level of phenotypic plasticity (Habibi, Vít, Rahiminejad, & Mandák, 2018).…”