Karyological patterns in the European endemic genus <i>Soldanella</i> L.: Absolute genome size variation uncorrelated with cytotype chromosome numbers

Štubňová, Eliška Gbúrová; Hodálová, Iva; Kučera, Jaromír; Mártonfiová, Lenka; Svitok, Marek; Slovák, Marek

doi:10.3732/ajb.1700153

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Whereas in species with CE the same relationship explained 12% of the overall variation in genome size, there was no association between genome size and chromosome counts in species with PE (Table 1; Figure 2(c)). A similar scenario of chromosome‐level changes not affecting genome size has already been documented in several other plant groups (e.g., ferns, cycads, and the angiosperm genus Soldanella ; Gorelick et al ., 2014; Štubňová et al ., 2017; Liu et al ., 2019) and could point to frequent chromosomal rearrangements altering the length and number of chromosomes in species of the Pleurothallidinae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeat proliferation and partial endoreplication jointly shape the patterns of genome size evolution in orchids

et al. 2021

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Summary Although the evolutionary drivers of genome size change are known, the general patterns and mechanisms of plant genome size evolution are yet to be established. Here we aim to assess the relative importance of proliferation of repetitive DNA, chromosomal variation (including polyploidy), and the type of endoreplication for genome size evolution of the Pleurothallidinae, the most species‐rich orchid lineage. Phylogenetic relationships between 341 Pleurothallidinae representatives were refined using a target enrichment hybrid capture combined with high‐throughput sequencing approach. Genome size and the type of endoreplication were assessed using flow cytometry supplemented with karyological analysis and low‐coverage Illumina sequencing for repeatome analysis on a subset of samples. Data were analyzed using phylogeny‐based models. Genome size diversity (0.2–5.1 Gbp) was mostly independent of profound chromosome count variation (2n = 12–90) but tightly linked with the overall content of repetitive DNA elements. Species with partial endoreplication (PE) had significantly greater genome sizes, and genomic repeat content was tightly correlated with the size of the non‐endoreplicated part of the genome. In PE species, repetitive DNA is preferentially accumulated in the non‐endoreplicated parts of their genomes. Our results demonstrate that proliferation of repetitive DNA elements and PE together shape the patterns of genome size diversity in orchids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeat proliferation and partial endoreplication jointly shape the patterns of genome size evolution in orchids

et al. 2021

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“…Another notable instance of evolutionary convergencies in snowbells is the independent evolution of dysploid cytotypes at least three times independently, namely in S. villosa, S. montana, and the S. chrysosticta-S. rhodopaea clade (Figure 1b;Figure S3b;cf. Slov ak et al, 2023;Stub nov a et al, 2017). The recurrent emergence of dysploid cytotypes has been considered a major driver of diversification and speciation in various plant groups (e.g., Bl€ och et al, 2009;Moraes et al, 2016;Singhal et al, 2017).…”

Section: Homoplastic Nature Of Phenotype Ecology and Cytotype In Snow...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, Soldanella lineages with larger genome sizes, namely the S. chrysosticta-S. rhodopaea clade, S. pindicola, S. alpina subsp. cantabrica and partially also the S. calabrella-S. sacra clade, predominantly grow at the southern and western margins of the genus distribution (Slov ak et al, 2023;Stub nov a et al, 2017). Moreover, most of these taxa were also involved in historical introgression events (Slov ak et al, 2023).…”

Section: Polytopic Independent Genome Size Expansion Is Most Likely A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They predominantly inhabit humid forest habitats, often close to water bodies (Zhang et al., 2001; Zhang & Kadereit, 2002). However, many species from the ‘Soldanella’ group are able to colonize habitats in the alpine zone as well (Kliment & Valachovič, 2007; Slovák et al., 2023; Štubňová et al., 2017; Valachovič et al., 2019). Even though the alpine‐dwelling populations (ecotypes) are remarkably smaller than their forest counterparts in the ‘Soldanella’ group, their flower numbers and floral morphologies are not as conspicuously reduced as in the ‘Tubiflores’ group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it appears that this ecological setup has evolved independently for phylogenetically distant species inhabiting different mountain ranges. From a karyological perspective, the genus is homoploid with rather low genome size variation, ranging from 2C = 2.95–3.99 pg (Štubňová et al., 2017). The existence of two major cytotypes has been proven, namely euploid with 2 n = 40 and dysploid with 2 n = 38 chromosomes (Figure S1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Homoplastic versus xenoplastic evolution: exploring the emergence of key intrinsic and extrinsic traits in the montane genus Soldanella (Primulaceae)

Rurik,

Melichárková,

Gbúrová Štubová

et al. 2024

The Plant Journal

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SUMMARYSpecific ecological conditions in the high mountain environment exert a selective pressure that often leads to convergent trait evolution. Reticulations induced by incomplete lineage sorting and introgression can lead to discordant trait patterns among gene and species trees (hemiplasy/xenoplasy), providing a false illusion that the traits under study are homoplastic. Using phylogenetic species networks, we explored the effect of gene exchange on trait evolution in Soldanella, a genus profoundly influenced by historical introgression. At least three features evolved independently multiple times: the single‐flowered dwarf phenotype, dysploid cytotype, and ecological generalism. The present analyses also indicated that the recurring occurrence of stoloniferous growth might have been prompted by an introgression event between an ancestral lineage and a still extant species, although its emergence via convergent evolution cannot be completely ruled out. Phylogenetic regression suggested that the independent evolution of larger genomes in snowbells is most likely a result of the interplay between hybridization events of dysploid and euploid taxa and hostile environments at the range margins of the genus. The emergence of key intrinsic and extrinsic traits in snowbells has been significantly impacted not only by convergent evolution but also by historical and recent introgression events.

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Diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of the flagship Cape species Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis (Asteraceae): variation in distribution, ecological niche, morphology and genetics

Chumová,

Monier,

Šemberová

et al. 2023

Annals of Botany

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Background and Aims The Greater Cape Floristic Region is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots and is considered poor in polyploids. To test this assumption, ploidy variation was investigated in a widespread Cape shrub Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis (renosterbos, Asteraceae). The aim is to elucidate the cytotype distribution and population composition across the species range, and to assess differences in morphology, environmental niches, and genetics. Methods Ploidy level and genome size were determined via flow cytometry, cytotype assignment was confirmed by chromosome counting. RADseq analyses were used to infer genetic relationships. Cytotype climatic and environmental niches were compared using a range of environmental layers and a soil model, while morphological differences were examined using multivariate methods. Key Results The survey of 171 populations and 2370 individuals showed that the species comprises diploid and tetraploid cytotypes, no intermediates and only 16.8 % of mixed populations. Mean 2C-values are 1.80–2.06 pg for diploids and 3.48–3.80 pg for tetraploids, with very similar monoploid genome sizes. Intra-cytotype variation showed a significant positive correlation with altitude and longitude in both cytotypes and with latitude in diploids. Although niches of both cytotypes are highly equivalent and similar, their optima and breadth are shifted due to differences mainly in isothermality and available water capacity. Morphometric analyses showed significant differences in the leaves and corolla traits, in the number of florets per capitulum, and cypsela dimensions between the two cytotypes. Genetic analyses revealed four groups, three of them including both cytotypes. Conclusions Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis includes two distinct cytotypes that are genetically similar. While tetraploids arise several times independently within different genetic groups, morphological and ecological differences are evident between cytotypes. Our results open up new avenues for questions regarding the importance of ploidy in the megadiverse Cape flora, and exemplify the need for population-based studies focused on ploidy variation.

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Karyological patterns in the European endemic genus Soldanella L.: Absolute genome size variation uncorrelated with cytotype chromosome numbers

Cited by 8 publications

References 75 publications

Repeat proliferation and partial endoreplication jointly shape the patterns of genome size evolution in orchids

Repeat proliferation and partial endoreplication jointly shape the patterns of genome size evolution in orchids

Homoplastic versus xenoplastic evolution: exploring the emergence of key intrinsic and extrinsic traits in the montane genus Soldanella (Primulaceae)

Diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of the flagship Cape species Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis (Asteraceae): variation in distribution, ecological niche, morphology and genetics

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