“…The mortality rate of infected fishes could be up to 90%, thus, potentially causing great damages to aquaculture. V. parahaemolyticus contains several hemolysin toxins, namely thermolabile hemolysin (TLH), thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) which are encoded by the tlh, tdh, and trh genes, respectively, in chromosome II (Ahn et al, 2016;Kalburge et al, 2014;Kim et al, 2016;Letchumanan et al, 2016). These hemolysins are considered as important virulence factors of V. parahaemolyticus, as they caused a variety of pathogenic consequences, including hemolytic activity, cytotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and enterotoxicity.…”