Genome sequence of Anopheles sinensis provides insight into genetics basis of mosquito competence for malaria parasites

Zhou, Dan; Zhang, Donghui; Ding, Guohui; Shi, Lei; Hou, Qing-Hu; Ye, Yuting; Xu, Yang; Zhou, Huayun; Xiong, Chenglong; Li, Shengdi; Yu, Jingjing; Hong, Shanchao; Yu, Xinyou; Zou, Ping; Chen, Chen; Chang, Xuelian; Wang, Weijie; Lv, Yuan; Sun, Yanyan; Ma, Lei; Shen, Bo; Zhu, Changliang

doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-42

Cited by 60 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…2C). Analysis by mass spectrometry (MS) identified the smaller polypeptide as a form of gSG7 (VectorBase, AALB001854-PA), a 13 kDa protein previously described from other anopheline species (18–22). In the genomic sequence of An.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Inhibitor of the Alternative Pathway of Complement in Saliva of New World Anopheline Mosquitoes

Mendes-Sousa

Queiroz

Vale³

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

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The complement system (C) present in circulating blood is an effective mechanism of host defense, responsible for the killing of pathogens and the production of potent anaphylatoxins. Inhibitors of the C have been described in the saliva of hematophagous arthropods that are involved in the protection of digestive tissues against C-mediated damage. Here we describe albicin, a novel inhibitor of the alternative pathway of complement from the salivary glands of the malaria vector, Anopheles albimanus. The inhibitor was purified from salivary gland homogenates by reverse phase HPLC, and identified by mass spectrometry as a small (13.4 kDa) protein related to the gSG7 protein of An. gambiae and An. stephensi. Recombinant albicin was produced in Escherichia coli and found to potently inhibit lysis of rabbit erythrocytes in assays of the alternative pathway while having no inhibitory effect on the classical or lectin pathways. Albicin also inhibited the deposition of complement components on agarose-coated plates, although it could not remove previously bound components. Antisera produced against recombinant albicin recognized both the native and recombinant inhibitors and also blocked their activities in in vitro assays. Using surface plasmon resonance and enzymatic assays, we found that albicin binds and stabilizes the C3-convertase complex (C3bBb) formed on a properdin surface, and inhibits the convertase activity of a reconstituted C3bBb complex in solution. The data indicate that albicin specifically recognizes the activated form of the complex allowing more efficient inhibition by an inhibitor whose quantity is limited.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Inhibitor of the Alternative Pathway of Complement in Saliva of New World Anopheline Mosquitoes

Mendes-Sousa

Queiroz

Vale³

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

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“…). Using BLASTn with AaegR4_1.1 and AgamR4_1.1 as queries to search 25 genomes for 22 species (Marinotti et al ., ; Zhou et al ., ; see http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/imb.12160/suppinfo), R4 clade representatives were found only in species from two of the three genera, Aedes and Anopheles . More interesting is that AgamR4_1 ‐like representatives were only found in the An.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horizontal transmission of anR4clade non-long terminal repeat retrotransposon between the divergentAedesandAnophelesmosquito genera

Biedler

Chen

2015

Insect Molecular Biology

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AaegR4_1 and AgamR4_1 are the sole R4 clade non-long terminal repeat retrotransposons in Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae, two species that diverged approximately 145–200 million years ago. Twelve full-length copies were found in Ae. aegypti and have less than 1% nt divergence, suggesting recent activity on an evolutionary time scale. Five of these copies have intact open reading frames and the 3.6 kb open reading frame of AaegR4_1.1 has 78% nt identity to AgamR4_1.1. No intact copies can be found in An. gambiae. Searches of 25 genomic databases for 22 mosquito species from 3 genera revealed R4 clade representatives in Aedes and Anopheles genera but not in Culex. Interestingly, these elements are present in all 6 species of the An. gambiae species complex that were searched but not in 13 other Anopheline species. These results combined with divergence vs. age analysis suggest that horizontal transfer is the most likely explanation for the low divergence between R4 clade retrotransposon sequences of the divergent mosquito species from the Aedes and Anopheles genera. This is the first report of the horizontal transfer of an R4 clade non-LTR retrotransposon and the first report of the horizontal transfer of a non-LTR retrotranspon in mosquitoes.

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“…sinensis mosquitoes. We screened 24 publicly available Anopheles genomes (Holt et al 2002; Zhou et al 2014; Logue et al 2015; Neafsey et al 2015) for flaviviral sequences, and validated in silico hits both at the DNA and RNA levels in vivo . The two newly described flavivirus-derived EVEs are phylogenetically related to ISFs, and support the existence of a previously unsuspected Anopheles -associated clade of ISFs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of flavivirus-derived endogenous viral elements inAnophelesmosquito genomes supports the existence ofAnopheles-associated insect-specific flaviviruses

Lequime

Lambrechts

2017

Virus Evol

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The Flavivirus genus encompasses several arboviruses of public health significance such as dengue, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. It also includes insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs) that are only capable of infecting insect hosts. The vast majority of mosquito-infecting flaviviruses have been associated with mosquito species of the Aedes and Culex genera in the Culicinae subfamily, which also includes most arbovirus vectors. Mosquitoes of the Anophelinae subfamily are not considered significant arbovirus vectors; however, flaviviruses have occasionally been detected in field-caught Anopheles specimens. Whether such observations reflect occasional spillover or laboratory contamination or whether Anopheles mosquitoes are natural hosts of flaviviruses is unknown. Here, we provide in silico and in vivo evidence of transcriptionally active, flavivirus-derived endogenous viral elements (EVEs) in the genome of Anopheles minimus and Anopheles sinensis. Such non-retroviral endogenization of RNA viruses is consistent with a shared evolutionary history between flaviviruses and Anopheles mosquitoes. Phylogenetic analyses of the two newly described EVEs support the existence of a distinct clade of Anopheles-associated ISFs.

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Genome sequence of Anopheles sinensis provides insight into genetics basis of mosquito competence for malaria parasites

Cited by 60 publications

References 68 publications

An Inhibitor of the Alternative Pathway of Complement in Saliva of New World Anopheline Mosquitoes

An Inhibitor of the Alternative Pathway of Complement in Saliva of New World Anopheline Mosquitoes

Horizontal transmission of anR4clade non-long terminal repeat retrotransposon between the divergentAedesandAnophelesmosquito genera

Discovery of flavivirus-derived endogenous viral elements inAnophelesmosquito genomes supports the existence ofAnopheles-associated insect-specific flaviviruses

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