Horizontal transmission of anR4clade non-long terminal repeat retrotransposon between the divergentAedesandAnophelesmosquito genera

Biedler, James K.; Chen, Xiaoguang; Tu, Zhijian

doi:10.1111/imb.12160

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…albopictus to the ancestor of An. gambiae complex mosquitoes, as already described in a previous study [34]. No horizontal transfer events involving the Cu.…”

Section: Hundreds Of Htt Events Have Occurred Among the Mosquito Speciessupporting

confidence: 65%

Mosquito genomes are frequently invaded by transposable elements through horizontal transfer

Melo

Wallau

2020

PLoS Genet

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Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements that parasitize basically all eukaryotic species genomes. Due to their complexity, an in-depth TE characterization is only available for a handful of model organisms. In the present study, we performed a de novo and homology-based characterization of TEs in the genomes of 24 mosquito species and investigated their mode of inheritance. More than 40% of the genome of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus is composed of TEs, varying substantially among Anopheles species (0.13%–19.55%). Class I TEs are the most abundant among mosquitoes and at least 24 TE superfamilies were found. Interestingly, TEs have been extensively exchanged by horizontal transfer (172 TE families of 16 different superfamilies) among mosquitoes in the last 30 million years. Horizontally transferred TEs represents around 7% of the genome in Aedes species and a small fraction in Anopheles genomes. Most of these horizontally transferred TEs are from the three ubiquitous LTR superfamilies: Gypsy, Bel-Pao and Copia. Searching more than 32,000 genomes, we also uncovered transfers between mosquitoes and two different Phyla—Cnidaria and Nematoda—and two subphyla—Chelicerata and Crustacea, identifying a vector, the worm Wuchereria bancrofti, that enabled the horizontal spread of a Tc1-mariner element among various Anopheles species. These data also allowed us to reconstruct the horizontal transfer network of this TE involving more than 40 species. In summary, our results suggest that TEs are frequently exchanged by horizontal transfers among mosquitoes, influencing mosquito's genome size and variability.

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“…albopictus to the ancestor of An. gambiae complex mosquitoes, as already described in a previous study [34]. No horizontal transfer events involving the Cu.…”

Section: Hundreds Of Htt Events Have Occurred Among the Mosquito Speciessupporting

confidence: 65%

Mosquito genomes are frequently invaded by transposable elements through horizontal transfer

Melo

Wallau

2020

PLoS Genet

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“…In the plot, the point appears above the regression line. In order to identify potential comparisons significantly deviating from the regression model (i.e., significantly above or below the regression line), we used the method described in Biedler et al (2015) : studentized deleted residuals (RStudent) are calculated for each regression and absolute RStudent values >2.0 are considered as indicating significant outlier comparisons.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare horizontal transmission does not hide long-term inheritance of SINE highly conserved domains in the metazoan evolution

Luchetti

Mantovani

2016

Curr Zool

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Transposable elements (TEs) are self-replicating, mobile DNA sequences which constitute a significant fraction of eukaryotic genomes. They are generally considered selfish DNA, as their replication and random insertion may have deleterious effects on genome functionalities, although some beneficial effects and evolutionary potential have been recognized. Short interspersed elements (SINEs) are non-autonomous TEs with a modular structure: a small RNA-related head, a body, and a long interspersed element-related tail. Despite their high turnover rate and de novo emergence, the body may retain highly conserved domains (HCDs) shared among divergent SINE families: in metazoans, at least nine HCD-SINEs have been recognized. Data mining on public molecular databases allowed the retrieval of 16 new HCD-SINE families from cnidarian, molluscs, arthropods, and vertebrates. Tracking the ancestry of HCDs on the metazoan phylogeny revealed that some of them date back to the Radiata–Bilateria split. Moreover, phylogenetic and age versus divergence analyses of the most ancient HCDs suggested that long-term vertical inheritance is the rule, with few horizontal transfer events. We suggest that the evolutionary conservation of HCDs may be linked to their potential to serve as recombination hotspots. This indirectly affects host genomes by maintaining active and diverse SINE lineages, whose insertions may impact (either positively or negatively) on the evolution of the genome.

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“…Members of the R4/Dong clade of non-LTR retrotransposons contain the reverse transcriptase and REL-endonuclease domains and insert into rDNA or into microsatellite targets. However, no recognizable motifs could be previously distinguished at their N-terminus, in contrast to rDNA-specific R2 retrotransposons with a similar REL-endonuclease, which harbor an N-terminal Myb DNA-binding domain [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ]. We aligned two Dong representatives with a full-length ORF from contigs 45 and 333 ( Figure 5 B) and a set of diverse R4/Dong -like elements from cnidarians, mollusks, insects, fish and nematodes, and used HHpred [ 62 ] to uncover a highly diverged SANT/Myb-like domain close to the N-terminus ( Figure 6 A), with the best scores obtained from rDNA-specific R4 elements of nematodes (94.9% probability hit to PF16282.6 for Ancylostoma caninum R4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Transposon Landscapes in the Putative Ancient Asexual Ostracod Darwinula stevensoni

Schön

Rodríguez

Dunn

et al. 2021

Genes

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How asexual reproduction shapes transposable element (TE) content and diversity in eukaryotic genomes remains debated. We performed an initial survey of TE load and diversity in the putative ancient asexual ostracod Darwinula stevensoni. We examined long contiguous stretches of DNA in clones from a genomic fosmid library, totaling about 2.5 Mb, and supplemented these data with results on TE abundance and diversity from an Illumina draft genome. In contrast to other TE studies in putatively ancient asexuals, which revealed relatively low TE content, we found that at least 19% of the fosmid dataset and 26% of the genome assembly corresponded to known transposons. We observed a high diversity of transposon families, including LINE, gypsy, PLE, mariner/Tc, hAT, CMC, Sola2, Ginger, Merlin, Harbinger, MITEs and helitrons, with the prevalence of DNA transposons. The predominantly low levels of sequence diversity indicate that many TEs are or have recently been active. In the fosmid data, no correlation was found between telomeric repeats and non-LTR retrotransposons, which are present near telomeres in other taxa. Most TEs in the fosmid data were located outside of introns and almost none were found in exons. We also report an N-terminal Myb/SANT-like DNA-binding domain in site-specific R4/Dong non-LTR retrotransposons. Although initial results on transposable loads need to be verified with high quality draft genomes, this study provides important first insights into TE dynamics in putative ancient asexual ostracods.

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Horizontal transmission of anR4clade non-long terminal repeat retrotransposon between the divergentAedesandAnophelesmosquito genera

Cited by 7 publications

References 50 publications

Mosquito genomes are frequently invaded by transposable elements through horizontal transfer

Mosquito genomes are frequently invaded by transposable elements through horizontal transfer

Rare horizontal transmission does not hide long-term inheritance of SINE highly conserved domains in the metazoan evolution

A Survey of Transposon Landscapes in the Putative Ancient Asexual Ostracod Darwinula stevensoni

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