Genome-Scale Analysis Identified NID2, SPARC, and MFAP2 as Prognosis Markers of Overall Survival in Gastric Cancer

Abstract

Background Gastric cancer is the most common gastrointestinal tumor, and the rates of recurrence and metastasis are high. Research results on molecular biomarkers used for prognosis of gastric cancer remain inconclusive. This study aimed to explore the gene expression module of gastric cancer and to determine potential prognostic biomarkers. Material/Methods Three microarray datasets (GSE13911, GSE79973, and GSE29272) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), including 206 pairs of gastric tumors and adjacent normal samples, were used for analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The 3 microarray datasets yielded 144 genes associated with the progression and prognosis of gastric cancer. After this, a risk score model was developed for result validation using an independent dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Results The validation of the independent dataset showed significantly increased NID2 , SPARC , and MFAP2 expression in gastric tumor tissues, which were associated with poor outcomes in gastric cancer patients. Moreover, the high risk score obtained was associated with poor overall survival (HR: 1.787; 1.069–2.986; P =0.027). Subgroup analyses revealed that these significant prognostic values were detected in patients aged <65.0 years, tumors in the antrum/distal colon, grade 3 tumors, or TNM-M0 stages of cancer. Conclusions The findings of this study show that NID2 , SPARC , and MFAP2 are upregulated in gastric tumor tissues and are significantly associated with poor overall survival. Therefore, the predictive values of the risk score model employed for the prognosis of gastric cancer could be improved by using these 3 upregulated DEGs.

MFAP2 aggravates tumor progression through activating FOXM1/β‐catenin‐mediated glycolysis in ovarian cancer

“…Increased MFAP2 levels have also been observed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma 21 . MFAP2 has been reported as a new diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer and thyroid papillary carcinoma 22–24 . MFAP2 can promote the proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transformation in hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, melanoma, and breast cancer 20,25–28 .…”

“…21 MFAP2 has been reported as a new diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer and thyroid papillary carcinoma. [22][23][24] MFAP2 can promote the proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, melanoma, and breast cancer. 20,[25][26][27][28] In the present study, MFAP2 was found to be elevated in ovarian cancer tissues and cells, and was positively correlated with FOXM1, GLUT1, and HK2 expression.…”

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Reveals BGN Predicting Overall Survival and Tumor Immune Infiltration of Gastric Cancer

“…For instance, Wang et al [40] claimed that MFAP2 promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by motivating the TGF-β/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway in GC cells. Shan et al [42] presented that MFAP2 might exhibit a pivotal role in GC progression and that it is displayed as an oncogene. Yao et al reported that upregulated MFAP2 was displayed in GC tissues, and this upregulation had a bearing on GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.…”

DNA Methylation Mediates EMT Gene Expression in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines

“…In vitro experiments suggest that NID2 promotes invasiveness and migration in gastric carcinoma-derived tumor cells, where it was significantly overexpressed compared to healthy tissues [66]. Increased NID2 expression also correlated significantly with overall survival in gastric cancer patients [67]. Abnormal hypermethylation of the NID2 promoter associated with suppression of its expression is known in aggressive types of breast tumors [68].…”