“…In addition, stains have been found to ameliorate semen quality characteristics in reproductive toxicity conditions in in vivo systems via other mechanistic routes; for example, a study on obese male rats suggested that fluvastatin protects reproductive function, and hence semen quality, mostly by enhancing signalling of mTOR, which is a human kinase (serine/threonine kinase) involved in several cellular processes such as cell proliferation, cell growth, cell survival and cell motility (Cui, Long, Zhu, & Tian, 2017; Saxton & Sabatini, 2017). Also, oral administration of rosuvastatin at 5 or 10 mg/kg, for 8 weeks, was found to reduce inflammation and cell necrosis may be by decreasing the expression of nuclear factor kappa light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (Mulero, Wang, Huxford, & Ghosh, 2019), a protein that controls DNA transcription and cell survival, caspase‐3, a protein has a vital role in cell apoptosis (Rogers et al, 2017; Wang et al, 2017; Zhu et al, 2018), and inducible nitric oxide synthase, which is an isoform of nitric oxide synthases catalysing the synthesis of nitric oxide from L‐arginine (Banihani, Abu‐Alhayjaa, Amarin, & Alzoubi, 2018; Nathan, 2011), in diabetic rats (Heeba & Hamza, 2015). Furthermore, administration of rosuvastatin restored the degenerative effects in seminiferous tubules as well as weights of epididymis and testes in diabetic rats (Heeba & Hamza, 2015).…”