Effect of statin on semen quality characteristics

Abstract

Statins are lipid‐lowering medications widely used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Biochemically, they act by decreasing synthesis of cholesterol via inhibiting 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase. Since 1992, various research studies have investigated the effect of statins on semen quality characteristics; however, to date, there is no collective summary to such effect. Here, we have systematically discussed and abridged all research studies published in Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases that are directly linking statin to semen fertility characteristics using the keywords “statin” versus “sperm” and “semen”. In summary, considering the animal studies, statins, in general, were found to ameliorate semen quality characteristics in reproductive detrimental conditions, while, in human males or in in vivo systems with normal reproductive conditions, in general, statins showed negative to blunt effects against semen quality characteristics, mainly sperm motility. However, further research studies, in particular human studies, in this specific research setting is still needed to approve these effects.

Effect of atorvastatin on spermatogenesis in rats: A stereological study

“…Similarly to those drugs, statins are also capable of affecting semen parameters. Although the use of statins has increased recently, very few data are available concerning their effects on spermatogenesis [3].…”

“…Despite being well-tolerated, statins cause side-effects such as muscular pain, hepatic enzyme elevation, and an increased risk of diabetes. Another side-effect of statins involves the male reproductive system, although only a few studies to date have investigated this [3].…”

“…Studies have reported that statins compromise spermatogenesis by causing alterations in sex hormones, particularly testosterone. They also compromise spermatogenesis by causing cell death in testis germ cells, and by damaging sperm motility and morphology through impairment of spermatozoa lipid metabolism [3]. Based on the current literature, it may be concluded that atorvastatin impacts on spermatogenesis.…”

Metabolic Syndrome and Reproduction

“…Of note, the largest studies considered in the review reported a negative effect of statins on semen volume [120,121], sperm concentration [121] and motility [122]. Conversely, in animals, statins were found to ameliorate semen quality characteristics [119], especially in HFD-induced-obesity [123] and in diabetic [124] male rats. Regarding fibrates, a negative effect on reproductive function has been reported in male rats (but not in humans) by a few studies [117,125].…”

“…A few studies reported the effect of statins on seminal parameters in human and animal models, while no study has evaluated the impact of fibrates on semen quality in humans. Recently, a systematic review [119] documented that statins exert a strong to minimal negative effect on semen quality. Of note, the largest studies considered in the review reported a negative effect of statins on semen volume [120,121], sperm concentration [121] and motility [122].…”