Genome Editing: Targeting Susceptibility Genes for Plant Disease Resistance

Zaidi, Syed Shan-e-Ali; Mukhtar, M. Shahid; Mansoor, Shahid

doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.04.005

Cited by 226 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The use of genome editing technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 allow to specifically and rapidly target susceptibility genes to indirectly obtain resistance in a chosen genetic background, which is highly desired in crops like grapevine where the genetic identity is economically important. However, generation of edited plants and testing of their phenotype still requires years (ffrench-Constant & Bass, 2017; Zaidi et al , 2018). S genes may play different functions in the plant, thus pleiotropic effects associated with their knock-out may entail a certain fitness cost for the plant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mining downy mildew susceptibility genes: a diversity study in grapevine

Pirrello

Zeilmaker²,

Bianco

et al. 2020

Preprint

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AcknowledgmentsCP acknowledges funding from a FEM PhD fellowship at University of Udine, including a support from SciENZA Biotechnologies bv. Conflict of Interest StatementThe authors declare no conflict of interest. AbstractSeveral pathogens continuously threaten viticulture worldwide. Until now, the investigation on resistance loci has been the main trend to understand the interaction between grapevine and mildew causal agents. Dominantly inherited gene-based resistance has shown to be race-specific in some cases, to confer partial immunity and to be potentially overcome within a few years since its introgression. Recently, on the footprint of research conducted on Arabidopsis, the putative hortologues of genes associated with downy mildew susceptibility in this species, have been discovered also in the grapevine genome. In this work, we deep-resequenced four putative susceptibility genes in 190 highly genetically diverse grapevine genotypes to discover new sources of broad-spectrum recessively inherited resistance. The scouted genes are VvDMR6-1, VvDMR6-2, VvDLO1, VvDLO2 and predicted to be involved in susceptibility to downy mildew. From all identified mutations, 56% were Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in heterozygosity, while the remaining 44% were homozygous. Regarding the identified mutations with putative impact on gene function, we observed ~4% genotypes mutated in VvDMR6-1 and ~8% mutated in VvDMR6-2, only a handful of genotypes that were mutated in both genes. ~2% and ~7% genotypes showed mutations in VvDLO1 and VvDLO2 respectively, and again a few genotypes resulted mutated in both genes. In particular, 80% of impacting mutations were heterozygous while 20% were homozygous.The current results will inform grapevine genetics and corroborate genomic-assisted breeding programs for resistance to biotic stresses.A survey on the genetic diversity of downy mildew susceptibility genes in grapevine varieties and wild species reveals a potential valuable for genomic-assisted breeding as well as tailored gene editing to induce disease resistance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mining downy mildew susceptibility genes: a diversity study in grapevine

Pirrello

Zeilmaker²,

Bianco

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The above described mutations in immunity genes, which results in lesion-mimic phenotypes, are of the latter type as loss of them leads to reduced susceptibility. In recent reviews, both types of S components have been described [92][93][94][95].…”

Section: Susceptibility Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A holistic view on plant effector-triggered immunity presented as an iceberg model

Thordal‐Christensen

2020

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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The immune system of plants is highly complex. It involves pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), which is signaled and manifested through branched multi-step pathways. To counteract this, pathogen effectors target and inhibit individual PTI steps. This in turn can cause specific plant cytosolic nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors to activate effectortriggered immunity (ETI). Plants and pathogens have many genes encoding NLRs and effectors, respectively. Yet, only a few segregate genetically as resistance (R) genes and avirulence (Avr) effector genes in wild-type populations. In an attempt to explain this contradiction, a model is proposed where far most of the NLRs, the effectors and the effector targets keep one another in a silent state. In this so-called "iceberg model", a few NLR-effector combinations are genetically visible above the surface, while the vast majority is hidden below. Besides, addressing the existence of many NLRs and effectors, the model also helps to explain why individual downregulation of many effectors causes reduced virulence and why many lesion-mimic mutants are found. Finally, the iceberg model accommodates genuine plant susceptibility factors as potential effector targets.

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“…The revolutionary genome editing biotechnology has broad application prospects in plant breeding of disease resistant crops because it allows plant breeding without introducing a transgene and can produce novel plants that are similar or identical to plants generated by conventional breeding techniques [17,139]. Plant S genes represent good targets for genome editing to create disease resistant crops; several transgene-free and disease resistant crops including tomato, cucumber, grape, and apple have been created by genome editing of plant S genes including MLO, eIF4E, and DIPM via most recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system [140]. The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system has been established in citrus, and genome editing of the citrus S gene CsLOB1 in citrus confers resistance to citrus canker [29,141].…”

Section: Can the Revolutionary Genome Editing Biotechnology Be Used Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrus Postharvest Green Mold: Recent Advances in Fungal Pathogenicity and Fruit Resistance

et al. 2020

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As the major postharvest disease of citrus fruit, postharvest green mold is caused by the necrotrophic fungus Penicillium digitatum (Pd), which leads to huge economic losses worldwide. Fungicides are still the main method currently used to control postharvest green mold in citrus fruit storage. Investigating molecular mechanisms of plant–pathogen interactions, including pathogenicity and plant resistance, is crucial for developing novel and safer strategies for effectively controlling plant diseases. Despite fruit–pathogen interactions remaining relatively unexplored compared with well-studied leaf–pathogen interactions, progress has occurred in the citrus fruit–Pd interaction in recent years, mainly due to their genome sequencing and establishment or optimization of their genetic transformation systems. Recent advances in Pd pathogenicity on citrus fruit and fruit resistance against Pd infection are summarized in this review.

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Genome Editing: Targeting Susceptibility Genes for Plant Disease Resistance

Cited by 226 publications

References 66 publications

Mining downy mildew susceptibility genes: a diversity study in grapevine

Mining downy mildew susceptibility genes: a diversity study in grapevine

A holistic view on plant effector-triggered immunity presented as an iceberg model

Citrus Postharvest Green Mold: Recent Advances in Fungal Pathogenicity and Fruit Resistance

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