Mining downy mildew susceptibility genes: a diversity study in grapevine

Abstract

AcknowledgmentsCP acknowledges funding from a FEM PhD fellowship at University of Udine, including a support from SciENZA Biotechnologies bv. Conflict of Interest StatementThe authors declare no conflict of interest. AbstractSeveral pathogens continuously threaten viticulture worldwide. Until now, the investigation on resistance loci has been the main trend to understand the interaction between grapevine and mildew causal agents. Dominantly inherited gene-based resistance has shown to be race-specific in some cases, to confer partial immunity and to be potentially overcome within a few years since its introgression. Recently, on the footprint of research conducted on Arabidopsis, the putative hortologues of genes associated with downy mildew susceptibility in this species, have been discovered also in the grapevine genome. In this work, we deep-resequenced four putative susceptibility genes in 190 highly genetically diverse grapevine genotypes to discover new sources of broad-spectrum recessively inherited resistance. The scouted genes are VvDMR6-1, VvDMR6-2, VvDLO1, VvDLO2 and predicted to be involved in susceptibility to downy mildew. From all identified mutations, 56% were Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in heterozygosity, while the remaining 44% were homozygous. Regarding the identified mutations with putative impact on gene function, we observed ~4% genotypes mutated in VvDMR6-1 and ~8% mutated in VvDMR6-2, only a handful of genotypes that were mutated in both genes. ~2% and ~7% genotypes showed mutations in VvDLO1 and VvDLO2 respectively, and again a few genotypes resulted mutated in both genes. In particular, 80% of impacting mutations were heterozygous while 20% were homozygous.The current results will inform grapevine genetics and corroborate genomic-assisted breeding programs for resistance to biotic stresses.A survey on the genetic diversity of downy mildew susceptibility genes in grapevine varieties and wild species reveals a potential valuable for genomic-assisted breeding as well as tailored gene editing to induce disease resistance.

A Smart and Sustainable Future for Viticulture Is Rooted in Soil: How to Face Cu Toxicity

“…A remarkable opportunity to overcome the issues related to traditional breeding might be offered by the genome editing approach, directed towards the susceptibility (S) genes encoded in the V. vinifera genome [107]. The functionality of S genes is required for successful infections by both E. necator [108,109] and P. viticola [106,110]. Indeed, the targeted inactivation of S genes in V. vinifera plants might potentially lead to the generation of resistant clones, while still preserving the genetic identity of the parental genotypes, which would be highly appreciated by the wine producing industry [106].…”