Genitourinary Hydatid Disease: A Review

Siddappa, Sujatha; Karthikeyan, Vilvapathy Senguttuvan

doi:10.4172/2329-9088.1000208

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(186 reference statements)

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“…Hydatid disease may produce cysts in almost any location in the human body, although the liver (75%), followed by lungs (5%–15%) remain the most common organs involved. 16 The ratio of liver to lung involvement has been found to range from 2:1 to 7:1. 10 Approximately 80% of patients have cysts limited to a single organ only.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cystic echinococcosis: a 10-year experience from a middle-income country

Butt

Khan

2019

Trop Doct

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Cystic echinococcosis (CE), or hydatid disease, is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) afflicting one million people globally. This study aims to elucidate the presentation, treatment and outcomes of the disease in Pakistan. A review of charts of 225 patients (median age = 42.3 years) with CE admitted at Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi during 2007–2017, was carried out. Abdominal pain was present in 34.7% followed by fever in 26.2%. There were 142 (63.1%) cases of hepatic cysts and 55 (24.4%) of pulmonary hydatid cysts. Combined surgical and medical therapy was given to 130 (57.8%) patients. Surgery only was performed in 23 (10.2%) patients, medical therapy only was given to 35 (15.6%) patients, and puncture, aspiration, injection and reaspiration (PAIR) with medical therapy was given to 15 (6.7%) patients. Recurrence occurred in 14 (6.2%) patients and mortality in 7 (3.1%) patients. Owing to its non-specific presentation, a high index of suspicion is required to diagnose and treat CE in a timely manner.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cystic echinococcosis: a 10-year experience from a middle-income country

Butt

Khan

2019

Trop Doct

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“…The two most commonly involved organs are the liver and the lungs with involvement in 75% and 5 -15% of cases respectively [3]. The rest of the body can be involved in up to 10% of cases [4]. According to our findings as well, the liver emerged as the most common organ affected, comprising 64.9% of the total cases followed by pulmonary hydatid cysts in 24.4% of the cases whereas 10.7% cases had unusual localization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Maverick Disease: Cystic Echinococcosis in Unusual Locations: A Ten Year Experience from an Endemic Region

Butt¹,

Khan²

2019

Cureus

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BackgroundCystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected tropical disease which affects more than 1 million people globally, causing a loss of 1-3 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and a financial burden of US$ 3 billion annually.The two most commonly involved organs are the liver and the lungs with involvement in 75% and 5 -15% of cases respectively. The rest of the body can be involved in up to 10% of cases. In this study, we aim to explore the presentation, treatment and outcomes of CE in unusual locations.MethodsRetrospective review of charts of 225 patients of CE admitted at Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi from 2007-2017 was done. Demographic information, date of admission, clinical presentation, laboratory and radiological findings, histopathology reports (where applicable), treatment course and outcomes were noted.ResultsCE occurred in the liver in 146 (64.9%) patients, in the lungs in 55 (24.4%) patients and in unusual locations in 24 (10.7%) patients. Primary involvement of unusual locations was seen in 22 (91.7%) cases. Amongst the 24 patients with disease in unusual locations, 13 (54.2%) were males and 11 (45.8%) were females and the median age of these patients was 43 years. Fever and dyspnea were the most common presenting complains, occurring in 5 (20.8%) patients each followed by epigastric abdominal pain and weight loss occurring in 3(12.5%) patients each. Spleen was the most common unusual location for CE with four cases (16.7%) of splenic involvement occurring, followed by cardiac, spinal and mediastinal involvement occurring in three (12.5%) patients each. Other unusual locations included the abdominal cavity, bones, breast, kidney, seminal vesicle, brain, adrenal glands and the inguinal region. The treatment courses employed were a) medical, consisting of oral albendazole use(400 mg twice daily), b) surgical c) combined (medical plus surgical) therapy. Combined surgical and medical therapy, was the most common modality employed, with it being given to 14 (58.3%) patients. Surgery only was performed in 5 (20.8%) patients while medical therapy only to 3 (12.5%) patients. Resolution of the disease was seen in 19 (79.2%) patients on follow up imaging. Recurrence occurred in 4 (16.7%) and mortality in 1 patient. Two patients (8.3%) were lost to follow up.ConclusionsCE can be challenging to diagnose especially when it occurs in unusual locations. CE must be included in the differential diagnosis of a cystic lesion in any organ of the body, especially in endemic areas, to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment, to prevent morbidity and mortality associated with chronicity of the disease.

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“…CT has the highest specificity and sensitivity among imaging methods. Multiple internal septations in the cyst and hypodense areas of daughter vesicles compared with the fluid in the cyst (rosette pattern), calcification in the cyst wall and increased density of the germinative membrane after intravenous contrast agent injection can be detected on CT [13,14]. US and CT were used as imaging modalities in the diagnosis of renal HCs in all cases in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%