Genipin inhibits the inflammatory response of rat brain microglial cells

Genipin Attenuates Sepsis by Inhibiting Toll-Like Receptor Signaling

“…Genipin not only reveals remarkable antiinflammatory and antimicrobial effects (11), but also possesses the ability for inhibition of lipid peroxidation and production of nitric oxide (12). Here, we demonstrated the protective effect of genipin against septic injury.…”

Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities and Intellectual Property Landscape of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis: a Review

“…75 Genipin repressed brain microglial activation effectively inhibiting LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) release from cultured rat brain microglial cells as well as microglia stimulated with interferon-gamma and amyloid-beta; in turn to attenuate the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, prostaglandin E(2), intracellular reactive oxygen species, and NF-kappaB activation. 76 Genipin induced neurite outgrowth in PC12h and protected Neuro 2a cells in rat primary hippocampal neurons from beta-amyloid peptide, serum deprivation, oxidative stress and through suppressing A23187 (calcium ionophore)-induced transcription of immunoglobulin-binding protein/glucoseregulated protein of 78 kDa (BiP/GRP78) protein, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker protein and A23187-induced cytotoxicity in turn which significantly activated caspase3/7, as mediator of apoptosis, A23187. Therefore, genipin prevented neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease involving ER stress.…”

Anti-inflammatory effects of lipoic acid through inhibition of GSK-3β in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 microglial cells

“…Microglial cells are important players in immune and inflammatory responses in the CNS (Nam et al 2010), and their activation is implicated in several chronic neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and brain ischemia (Kang et al 2004). Activated microglial cells promote neuronal injury via the production of pro-inflammatory molecules such as the cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and interleukin (IL)-1β, and other cytotoxic molecules, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Dheen et al 2007).…”