Genetics of Zoarces populations

Frydenberg, Ove; Simonsen,

doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1973.tb01163.x

Cited by 49 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Allozymes were the first molecular markers used to distinguish individuals (Lewontin and Hubby 1966). Genotypes are based on enzyme size, which can be identified by charge separation of different sized products in an electrophoresis gel.…”

Section: Molecular Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using molecular markers to investigate genetic diversity, mating system and gene flow of Neotropical trees

et al. 2018

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Genetic analysis provides a robust method for understanding the ways in which human interventions in ecosystems may affect genetic diversity and species survival, providing an empirical basis for evidence-based conservation and management planning. This review aims to (1) describe the most informative and widely-used molecular markers for genotype analysis, and describe the methods for using that genotype data to understand (2) genetic diversity and structure; and (3) mating system, pollen and seed dispersal. For each area of investigation we discuss the types of analyses that can be performed, the software available for the analyses, what the analyses indicate, and provide examples from the literature of studies using these approaches. The review focuses on Neotropical tree species because Neotropical forests are highly diverse, are under particular threat from anthropogenic landuse change, and trees are useful model organisms to investigate patterns over evolutionary time and across geographical space.

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Section: Molecular Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using molecular markers to investigate genetic diversity, mating system and gene flow of Neotropical trees

et al. 2018

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“…Since the first studies of allozyme variation in humans [1] and Drosophila [2,3], there has been great interest in explaining how evolutionary and ecological processes shape the patterns of genetic variation observed within and among natural populations. One focus of research and debate in this area has been on quantifying the roles of adaptive and neutral processes in explaining observed levels of genetic variation [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The great tit HapMap project: a continental-scale analysis of genomic variation in a songbird

Spurgin

Bosse²,

Albayrak

et al. 2019

Preprint

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85A major aim of evolutionary biology is to understand why patterns of genomic variation vary among 86 populations and species. Large-scale genomic studies of widespread species are useful for studying how 87 the environment and demographic history shape patterns of genomic divergence, and with the continually 88 decreasing cost of sequencing, such studies are now becoming feasible. Here, we carry out one of the most 89 comprehensive surveys of genomic variation in a wild vertebrate to date; the great tit (Parus major) HapMap 90 project. We screened ca 500,000 SNP markers across 647 individuals from 29 populations, spanning almost 91 the entire geographic range of the European great tit subspecies. We found that genome-wide variation was 92 consistent with a recent colonisation across Europe from a single refugium in the Balkans and/or Turkey, with 93 bottlenecks and reduced genetic diversity in island populations. Differentiation across the genome was highly 94 heterogeneous, with clear "islands of differentiation" even among populations which are ostensibly panmictic. 95These islands of differentiation were consistently found in regions of low recombination, suggesting that 96 background selection can rapidly promote population differentiation among even the most recently colonised 97 populations. We also detected genomic outlier regions that were unique to peripheral great tit populations, 98 most likely as a result of recent directional selection at the range edges of this species. These "unique" 99 outlier regions contained candidate genes for morphology, thermal adaptation and colouration, supporting 100 previous research in this species, and providing avenues for future investigation. Our study suggests that 101 comprehensive screens of genomic variation in wild organisms can provide unique insights into evolution. 102Author summary 103 Studying patterns of genetic variation is a useful way of determining why populations and species differ in 104 nature. Genetic variation is shaped by natural selection, but also by the present and past size of populations, 105 the amount of migration, and by features of the genome, such as variation in recombination rate, of the 106 organism being studied. Teasing apart the effects of these different processes on genomic diversity is difficult, 107 but one way that this can be achieved is by studying genomic variation across the entire range of a species. 108 We performed a continental-scale analysis of genetic variation in the great tit -a widespread songbird that 109 has been the focus of extensive ecological research. We first used genomic data to reconstruct the historical 110 colonisation of great tits across Europe, and showed that during the last ice age, this species was likely 111 restricted to a single region in Eastern Europe, from which they spread across the continent. We then 112 studied how patterns of variation differ along the genome, and show that recombination rate is a key driver 113 of variation among all populations. Importantly, by comparing ma...

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