Genetics of Permethrin Resistance in the Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae)1

McDonald, Paul T.; Schmidt, C. D.

doi:10.1093/jee/80.2.433

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Treatments with the pyrethroid insecticide cyfluthrin failed to suppress the number of horn flies infesting cattle below 200 flies/animal, the economic threshold based on the work of Schmidt and Kunz (1980) and Kunz et al (1984). Resistance to pyrethroid class of chemistry in the horn fly is known to be inherited as a nearly complete recessive trait (McDonald & Schmidt, 1987;Guerrero et al, 1998). Compared to the homozygous susceptible genotype (SS), the homozygous resistant genotype (RR) was the most resistant while the heterozygote (SR) was only slightly resistant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics and mechanisms of permethrin resistance in a field population of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans

Lohmeyer

Miller

2009

Insect Science

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Dynamics and mechanisms of permethrin resistance in a field population of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans Abstract A study was conducted at the Pressler ranch, near Kerrville, Texas, USA between 2002 and 2006 to determine the dynamics and mechanisms of resistance to permethrin in a field population of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.). Changes of resistance to pyrethroid insecticide associated with use of a pour-on formulation of cyfluthrin in 2002 and use of diazinon ear tags in subsequent years were studied using a filter paper bioassay technique and a polymerase chain reaction assay that detects two sodium channel mutations, kdr and super-kdr resistance alleles. A maximum of 294-fold resistance to permethrin was observed in the summer of 2002. A significant decrease in the resistance level was observed in spring 2003, and resistance continued to decline after animals were treated with diazinon ear tags. In response to pyrethroid treatments, the allelic kdr and super-kdr frequency increased from 56.3% to 93.8% and from 7.5% to 43.8%, respectively in 2002, and decreased significantly in 2003 when the pyrethroid insecticide was no longer used to treat animals. Females were found to have a higher allelic super-kdr frequency than males in 2002, while no difference was detected between males and females in the allelic kdr frequency. There was a significant positive correlation between frequencies of the sodium channel mutations and levels of permethrin resistance, suggesting that the sodium channel mutations, kdr and super-kdr, are the major mechanisms of resistance to pyrethroids in this horn fly population. Results of synergist bioassays also indicated possible contributions of two metabolic detoxification mechanisms, the mixed function oxidases (MFO) and glutathione S-transferases (GST). Compared to a horn fly infestation of an untreated herd, treatments with the pyrethroid pour-on formulation failed to control horn flies at the Pressler ranch in 2002. Sustained control of horn flies was achieved with the use of diazinon ear tags in 2003 and subsequent years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics and mechanisms of permethrin resistance in a field population of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans

Lohmeyer

Miller

2009

Insect Science

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“…In the same region, it is possible to find a population with a very low kdr allelic frequency and another one with relatively high frequency, as seen in the Central-West region; even in the same county (Corumbá, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central-West region), the percentage of kdr allelic frequency varied from 2 to 32. McDonald and Schmidt (1987) reported that resistance to pyrethroids was sex-linked but although the resistance gene was equally effective in both sexes, adult males were more susceptible than females (McDONALD; SCHMIDT, 1990). Li et al (2003) in part corroborated those results, after the screening of kdr in horn flies from Mexico and USA, the kdr allelic frequency in horn flies from Mexico were 23.2-37.8% higher in females than males, but there was no difference in the flies from USA, as also seen in Brazilian flies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knockdown resistance in pyrethroid-resistant horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) populations in Brazil

Sabatini¹,

Ribolla²,

Barros³

et al. 2009

RBPV

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To investigate the kdr (knockdown resistance) resistance-associated gene mutation and determine its frequency in pyrethroid-resistant horn fly (Haematobia irritans) populations, a total of 1,804 horn flies of 37 different populations from all Brazilian regions (North, Northeast, Central-West, Southeast, and South) were molecular screened through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The kdr gene was not detected in 87.08% of the flies. However, the gene was amplified in 12.92% of the flies, of which 11.70% were resistant heterozygous and 1.22% were resistant homozygous. Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was found only in 1 ranch with an excess of heterozygous. When populations were grouped by region, three metapopulations showed significant deviations of HWE (Central-West population, South population and Southeast population). This indicates that populations are isolated one from another and kdr occurrence seems to be an independent effect probably reflecting the insecticide strategy used by each ranch. Although resistance to pyrethroids is disseminated throughout Brazil, only 48% of resistant populations had kdr flies, and the frequency of kdr individuals in each of these resistant populations was quite low. But this study shows that, with the apparent exception of the Northeast region, the kdr mechanism associated with pyrethroid resistance occurs all over Brazil.Keywords: Haematobia irritans, horn fly, resistance, pyrethroid. ResumoCom o objetivo de verificar a ocorrência e determinar a frequência da mutação kdr (knock down resistance) em populações de Haematobia irritans (mosca-dos-chifres) resistentes aos piretróides, foram analisados 1.804 indivíduos de 37 populações de todas as Regiões do Brasil. Com exceção da Região Nordeste, o kdr (knock down resistance gene) foi encontrado em populações de todas as regiões. A mutação não foi detectada em 87,08% dos indivíduos. Entretanto, o gene foi amplificado de 12,92% das moscas, das quais 11,70% se mostraram heterozigotas resistentes e 1,22% homozigotas resistentes. Em todas as populações verificou-se equilíbrio de acordo com a Lei de Hardy e Weinberg, exceto uma com excesso de heterozigotos. Entretanto, quando agrupamos diferentes populações numa metapopulação de acordo com a região geográfica, é possível observar um desvio nas populações Centro-Oeste, Sul e Sudeste, indicando isolamento populacional e que a ocorrência do kdr é provavelmente um efeito independente, talvez refletindo a estratégia de uso do inseticida de cada produtor. Apesar da resistência aos piretróides estar disseminada por todo o país, apenas 48% das populações resistentes apresentaram o kdr, e a frequência de indivíduos kdr nas populações resistentes se mostrou bastante baixa. À exceção da Região Nordeste, o mecanismo de resistência ligado ao kdr ocorre em todo o país.

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“…This hypothesis has been proposed for the evolution of sex-linked permethrin resistance in the horn fly Haematobia irritans (L.). McDonald & Schmidt (1987, 1990 suggested that a combination of an almost completely recessive resistance locus linked to a sex-determining locus would delay the establishment of resistance in the horn fly because, initially, males could not be homozygous for resistance, and females would all be susceptible. Their conclusions, however, are dependent on the sex-determining system of some muscoid flies, such as the horn fly, in which sex is determined by a single locus rather than by the XX/XY or XX/XO chromosome complement that is more typical of insects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In insects, resistance alleles are rarely sex-linked (for examples, see Heather, 1986;McDonald & Schmidt, 1987;Argentine et al, 1989;Brun et al, 1995), so the consequences of this mode of inheritance on the evolution of resistance have not been well documented. However, from theoretical studies, Avery (1984) showed that directional selection for a sex-linked trait could lead to more rapid increases in allele frequency than if the allele was autosomal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This hypothesis has recently been supported by Follet et al (1995), who modelled rates of adaptation to permethrin in field populations of Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) for a sex-linked trait. In contrast, McDonald & Schmidt (1987, 1990 proposed that sex-linked resistance in the horn fly Haematobia irritans (L.) could retard the rate of evolution compared with autosomally inherited traits. provided preliminary evidence that resistance to the cyclodiene insecticide, endosulphan, in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is sex-linked.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex-linked inheritance of endosulphan resistance in Helicoverpa armigera

Daly

Fisk

1998

Heredity

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Endosulphan resistance is common in Australian populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), but resistance frequencies have not increased above 10-40% of the population, despite widespread use of this insecticide. We examined the inheritance of endosulphan resistance as part of a study of its evolution. Two field-resistant strains were selected in the laboratory. Results from a series of F 1 s and backcrosses in both larvae and adults indicated that resistance was sex-linked, with almost complete dosage compensation in the hemizygous females. In males, resistance was partially dominant in fourth instar larvae but semi-recessive in adults. Estimates of resistance factors depended on the life stage and instar tested and on the bioassay method used. In larvae, resistance factors were highest in neonates (14-fold) and then declined to twofold in fifth instar larvae. Our results indicate that the genetic basis of resistance should enhance the rate of evolution in field populations compared with an autosomal locus.

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Genetics of Permethrin Resistance in the Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae)1

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Dynamics and mechanisms of permethrin resistance in a field population of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans

Dynamics and mechanisms of permethrin resistance in a field population of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans

Knockdown resistance in pyrethroid-resistant horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) populations in Brazil

Sex-linked inheritance of endosulphan resistance in Helicoverpa armigera

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