Genetics of adaptation and domestication in livestock

Mignon-Grasteau, Sandrine; Boissy, Alain; Bouix, Jacques; Faure, Jean-Michel; Fisher, Andrew; Hinch, G. N.; Jensen, Per; Neindre, Pierre Le; Mormède, Pierre; Prunet, Patrick; Vandeputte, Marc; Beaumont, Catherine

doi:10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.11.001

Cited by 203 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…It is thought that domestication has increased the threshold of behavioural responses to aversive environmental stimuli rather than led to loss from the behavioural repertoire (Price 1999;Canario et al 2013), with increases in the thresholds for expression of fearfulness and fear of humans being particularly important (Mignon-Grasteau et al 2005). With the inclusion of a novel environment (e.g.…”

Section: Defining the Phenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience in farm animals: biology, management, breeding and implications for animal welfare

2016

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Abstract.A capacity for the animal to recover quickly from the impact of physical and social stressors and disease challenges is likely to improve evolutionary fitness of wild species and welfare and performance of farm animals. Salience and valence of stimuli sensed through neurosensors, chemosensors and immunosensors are perceived and integrated centrally to generate emotions and engage physiological, behavioural, immune, cognitive and morphological responses that defend against noxious challenges. These responses can be refined through experience to provide anticipatory and learned reactions at lower cost than innate less-specific reactions. Influences of behaviour type, coping style, and affective state and the relationships between immune responsiveness, disease resistance and resilience are reviewed. We define resilience as the capacity of animals to cope with short-term perturbations in their environment and return rapidly to their pre-challenge status. It is manifested in response to episodic, sporadic or situation-specific attributes of the environment and can be optimised via facultative learning by the individual. It is a comparative measure of differences between individuals in the outcomes that follow exposure to potentially adverse situations. In contrast, robustness is the capacity to maintain productivity in a wide range of environments without compromising reproduction, health and wellbeing. Robustness is manifested in response to persistent or cyclical attributes of the environment and is effected via activity of innate regulatory pathways. We suggest that for farm animals, husbandry practices that incorporate physical and social stressors and interactions with humans such as weaning, change of housing, and introduction to the milking parlour can be used to characterise resilience phenotypes. In these settings, resilience is likely to be more readily identified through the rate of return of variables to pre-challenge or normal status rather than through measuring the activity of diverse stress response and adaptation mechanisms. Our strategy for phenotyping resilience of sheep and cattle during weaning is described. Opportunities are examined to increase resilience through genetic selection and through improved management practices that provide emotional and cognitive enrichment and stress inoculation.Additional keywords: affective state, allostasis, animal behaviour, animal temperament, animal welfare, disease resistance, genetic selection, homeostasis, resilience, robustness, stress inoculation.

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Section: Defining the Phenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience in farm animals: biology, management, breeding and implications for animal welfare

2016

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“…Species-speciWc preferences or phobias often counteract the performance in experimental tasks, and the species-diVerence obtained in such comparisons is not the result of the behaviour actually investigated (performance bias). Second, species to be compared must have the same environmental experiences both in terms of their entire development (Mignon-Grasteau et al 2005) and the testing situation (experience bias). For example, diVerences in sensitivity to novelty or in speed of habituation can lead to false interpretations (Lefebvre 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehension of human pointing gestures in young human-reared wolves (Canis lupus) and dogs (Canis familiaris)

et al. 2008

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Dogs have a remarkable skill to use humangiven cues in object-choice tasks, but little is known to what extent their closest wild-living relative, the wolf can achieve this performance. In Study 1, we compared wolf and dog pups hand-reared individually and pet dogs of the same age in their readiness to form eye-contact with a human experimenter in an object-choice task and to follow her pointing gesture. The results showed that dogs already at 4 months of age use momentary distal pointing to Wnd hidden food even without intensive early socialization. Wolf pups, on the contrary, do not attend to this subtle pointing. Accordingly in Studies 2 and 3, these wolves were tested longitudinally with this and four other (easier) human-given cues. This revealed that wolves socialized at a comparable level to dogs are able to use simple humangiven cues spontaneously if the human's hand is close to the baited container (e.g. touching, proximal pointing). Study 4 showed that wolves can follow also momentary distal pointing similarly to dogs if they have received extensive formal training. Comparing the wolves to naïve pet dogs of the same age revealed that during several months of formal training wolves can reach the level of dogs in their success of following momentary distal pointing in parallel with improving their readiness to form eyecontact with a human experimenter. We assume that the high variability in the wolves' communicative behaviour might have provided a basis for selection during the course of domestication of the dog.

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“…parceiro sexual e possam ter um namoro mais prolongado (Beilharz, 1985). Os animais domésticos são mais precoces do que os selvagens (Mignon-Grasteau et al, 2005). Assim, os animais domésticos respondem espontaneamente à necessidade de se acasalar rapidamente com o companheiro escolhido pelo homem e frequentemente reproduzem em uma estação favorável de produção de alimentos (Beilharz, 1985).…”

Section: Comportamento Reprodutivo Na Domesticaçãounclassified

“…178, Art. 1204, 2011 forma que o tempo e energia gastos para alimentar o animal, são aparentemente muito reduzidos, quando comparados ao dos animais selvagens (Newberry, 1995;Mignon-Grasteau et al, 2005). Gustafsson et al (1999) Figura 9 -Comportamento alimentar dos animais domesticados…”

Section: Comportamento Alimentar Na Domesticaçãounclassified