Genetics, Immunity and Nutrition Boost the Switching from NASH to HCC

Dongiovanni, Paola; Meroni, Marica; Longo, Miriam

doi:10.3390/biomedicines9111524

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 228 publications

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“…The collaborative participation of various immune cells, oxidative stress, chronic liver injury, and inflammatory responses within the unique NASH immune microenvironment supports the continuous proliferation and expansion of pre-neoplastic cells, eventually leading to the transition from NASH to HCC. 110 , 111 Thus, NASH itself becomes a risk factor for HCC, even in the absence of cirrhosis.…”

Section: Therapeutic Perspective and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis from Inflammation to Cancer in NASH-Derived HCC

Yu¹,

Wang²,

Zheng³

et al. 2022

JHC

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. As opposed to the majority of patients with HCC, approximately 20–30% of cases of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-derived HCC develop malignant tumours in the absence of liver cirrhosis. NASH is characterized by metabolic dysregulation, chronic inflammation and cell death in the liver, which provide a favorable setting for the transformation of inflammation into cancer. This review aims to describe the pathogenesis and the underlying mechanism of the transition from inflammation to cancer in NASH.

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Section: Therapeutic Perspective and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis from Inflammation to Cancer in NASH-Derived HCC

Yu¹,

Wang²,

Zheng³

et al. 2022

JHC

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“…Genetic mutations in the protein-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 PNPLA3 gene is the most well-known mutations associated with NASH-related HCC progression ( 89 , 90 ). PNPLA3 rs738409 c.444C>G minor allele (encoding the I148M variant) is associated with increased lipid accumulation and fibrosis in the liver.…”

Section: Nash-induced Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular pathogenesis: Connections between viral hepatitis-induced and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-induced hepatocellular carcinoma

et al. 2022

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Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world and is usually caused by viral hepatitis (HBV and HCV), alcoholic, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Viral hepatitis accounts for 80% of HCC cases worldwide. In addition, With the increasing incidence of metabolic diseases, NAFLD is now the most common liver disease and a major risk factor for HCC in most developed countries. This review mainly described the specificity and similarity between the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis(HBV and HCV)-induced HCC and NAFLD-induced HCC. In general, viral hepatitis promotes HCC development mainly through specific encoded viral proteins. HBV can also exert its tumor-promoting mechanism by integrating into the host chromosome, while HCV cannot. Viral hepatitis-related HCC and NASH-related HCC differ in terms of genetic factors, and epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA effects). In addition, both of them can lead to HCC progression through abnormal lipid metabolism, persistent inflammatory response, immune and intestinal microbiome dysregulation.

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“…, genetics, epigenetics and gut microbiota) and environmental ( i.e. , diet) factors[ 25 ]. Although the molecular basis of this process is not completely known[ 26 ], most authors agree that chronic inflammation and immune system disorders play a crucial role[ 25 , 27 - 30 ].…”

Section: Hccimmunobiology and Liver Microenvironmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, diet) factors[ 25 ]. Although the molecular basis of this process is not completely known[ 26 ], most authors agree that chronic inflammation and immune system disorders play a crucial role[ 25 , 27 - 30 ]. These interactions occur in the tumor microenvironment (TME) (Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Hccimmunobiology and Liver Microenvironmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-related hepatocellular carcinoma: Lights and shadows

Costante¹,

Airola²,

Santopaolo³

et al. 2022

WJGO

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About one-fourth of adults globally suffer from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is becoming a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Its prevalence has rapidly increased in recent years, and is projected to increase even more. NAFLD is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the sixth-most prevalent cancer worldwide and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death. Although the molecular basis of HCC onset in NAFLD is not completely known, inflammation is a key player. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is heterogeneous in patients with HCC, and is characterized by complex interactions between immune system cells, tumor cells and other stromal and resident liver cells. The etiology of liver disease plays a role in controlling the TME and modulating the immune response. Markers of immune suppression in the TME are associated with a poor prognosis in several solid tumors. Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has become the main option for treating cancers, including HCC. However, meta-analyses have shown that patients with NAFLD-related HCC are less likely to benefit from therapy based on ICIs alone. Conversely, the addition of an angiogenesis inhibitor showed better results regarding the objective response rate and progression-free survival. Adjunctive diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, such as the application of novel biomarkers and the modulation of gut microbiota, should be considered in the future to guide personalized medicine and improve the response to ICIs in patients with NAFLD-related HCC.

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Genetics, Immunity and Nutrition Boost the Switching from NASH to HCC

Cited by 18 publications

References 228 publications

Pathogenesis from Inflammation to Cancer in NASH-Derived HCC

Pathogenesis from Inflammation to Cancer in NASH-Derived HCC

Molecular pathogenesis: Connections between viral hepatitis-induced and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-induced hepatocellular carcinoma

Immunotherapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-related hepatocellular carcinoma: Lights and shadows

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