Genetics, cross-resistance and mechanism of resistance to spinosad in a field strain of Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)

Genetics and realized heritability of resistance to imidacloprid in a poultry population of house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) from Pakistan

“…Consistently, our results showed a polygenic basis for resistance to imidacloprid. Polygenic resistance in laboratory selected populations in M. domestica has been reported by many authors [10,37,56,57].…”

Selection, resistance risk assessment, and reversion toward susceptibility of pyriproxyfen in Musca domestica L.

“…A new chemical introduced for the control of M. domestica may fail due to previous insecticidal exposure inducing cross-resistance. Resistance in M. domestica has been reported repeatedly to different chemicals (Abbas et al , 2014bKaufman et al 2001Kaufman et al , 2010aKaufman et al , 2010bKhan et al 2014b;Scott et al 2000;Shono et al 2004) The juvenile hormone agonists most effective at the onset of metamorphosis cause abnormality in growth and, ultimately, eventual death of the larvae (Wilson 2004). Pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone mimic, acts as pupal-adult metamorphosis inhibitor (Seng et al 2008) and is very effective against the large number of public health pests including house flies and mosquitoes (Geden and Devine 2012;Invest and Lucas 2008).…”

Resistance inheritance and mechanism to emamectin benzoate in Phenacoccus solenopsis (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)

“…In addition, autosomal resistance has been reported for abamectin (avermectin) in Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Argentine et al, 1992) and Musca domestica Linnaeus (Konno and Scott, 1991). Resistance that is incompletely dominant has also been confirmed in fipronil and spinosad resistant M. domestica Khan et al, 2014) and deltamethrin resistant S. litura (Ahmad et al, 2007). Similarity in selection protocols could be a major reason for the same mode of inheritance that was observed among these compounds.…”

“…When an insect population is under continuous selection pressure, polygenic resistance is considered to be more likely (Roush, 1998). The results of our study showed that emamectin resistance in the population of P. solenopsis is polygenic, similar to emamectin resistance in S. litura (Shad et al, 2010), and fipronil and spinosad resistance in M. domestica Khan et al, 2014). The minimum number of genes determined by Lande's method gave a value greater than one which means that multiple factors are involved in emamectin resistance in P. solenopsis.…”