Genetic variation influences on the early development of reactive emotions and their regulation by attention

Sheese, Brad E.; Voelker, Pascale; Posner, Michael I.; Rothbart, Mary K.

doi:10.1080/13546800902844064

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In keeping with some [11, 12] but not all [8, 13] previous studies, we did not detect much influence of GDM status or maternal blood glucose on behavioral tests of cognition in the first two years of life. GDM status was not predictive of attention, memory-related behaviors or overall development assessed by BSID-III except faster reaction time towards the stimuli during the visual expectation task, which indicate faster attentional orienting [33]. Similarly, when taking part in behaviorally based (not eye tracking) forms of attentional tasks, children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have sometimes been reported to respond more quickly, compared to controls [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Gestational Diabetes on Neurodevelopment of Children in the First Two Years of Life: A Prospective Study

et al. 2016

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ObjectiveAnalyze the relation of gestational diabetes and maternal blood glucose levels to early cognitive functions in the first two years of life.MethodsIn a prospective Singaporean birth cohort study, pregnant women were screened for gestational diabetes at 26–28 weeks gestation using a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Four hundred and seventy three children (n = 74 and n = 399 born to mothers with and without gestational diabetes respectively) underwent neurocognitive assessments at 6, 18, and/or 24 month, including electrophysiology during an attentional task and behavioral measures of attention, memory and cognition.ResultsGestational diabetes is related to left hemisphere EPmax amplitude differences (oddball versus standard) at both six (P = 0.039) and eighteen months (P = 0.039), with mean amplitudes suggesting offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes exhibit greater neuronal activity to standard stimuli and less to oddball stimuli. Associations between 2-hour maternal glucose levels and the difference in EPmax amplitude were marginal at 6 months [adjusted β = -0.19 (95% CI: -0.42 to +0.04) μV, P = 0.100] and significant at 18 months [adjusted β = -0.27 (95% CI: -0.49 to -0.06) μV, P = 0.014], and the EPmax amplitude difference (oddball-standard) associated with the Bayley Scales of Infant and toddler Development-III cognitive score at 24 months [β = 0.598 (95% CI: 0.158 to 1.038), P = 0.008].ConclusionGestational diabetes and maternal blood glucose levels are associated with offspring neuronal activity during an attentional task at both six and eighteen months. Such electrophysiological differences are likely functionally important, having been previously linked to attention problems later in life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Gestational Diabetes on Neurodevelopment of Children in the First Two Years of Life: A Prospective Study

et al. 2016

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“…We reported previously [57] that variations in COMT, SNAP25, CHRNA4, and DRD4 were related to elements of emotion during infancy (age of 7 months) and during the toddler period (18–20 months). COMT was related to positive affect including smiling and laughter and high intensity pleasure at 7 months.…”

Section: Early Temperament Predicts Later Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Attention: Behavioral and Brain Mechanisms

Posner

Rothbart

Sheese

et al. 2014

Advances in Neuroscience

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127

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Brain networks underlying attention are present even during infancy and are critical for the developing ability of children to control their emotions and thoughts. For adults, individual differences in the efficiency of attentional networks have been related to neuromodulators and to genetic variations. We have examined the development of attentional networks and child temperament in a longitudinal study from infancy (7 months) to middle childhood (7 years). Early temperamental differences among infants, including smiling and laughter and vocal reactivity, are related to self-regulation abilities at 7 years. However, genetic variations related to adult executive attention, while present in childhood, are poor predictors of later control, in part because individual genetic variationmay have many small effects and in part because their influence occurs in interaction with caregiver behavior and other environmental influences. While brain areas involved in attention are present during infancy, their connectivity changes and leads to improvement in control of behavior. It is also possible to influence control mechanisms through training later in life. The relation between maturation and learning may allow advances in our understanding of human brain development.

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“…In previous reports we have discussed our behavioral findings in infancy (Sheese, Rothbart, Posner, White, & Fraundorf, 2008). We also examined individual differences in infant and child temperament in relation to genetic variation among the children in our study (Sheese et al, 2007; 2009; Voelker et al, 2009). Finally, we reviewed findings linking temperament to behavior and emotional control (Rothbart, et al, 2011).…”

Section: Previous Reports and The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Control networks and neuromodulators of early development.

Posner

Rothbart

Sheese

et al. 2012

Developmental Psychology

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145

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In adults most cognitive and emotional self-regulation is carried out by a network of brain regions, including the anterior cingulate, insula and areas of the basal ganglia, related to executive attention. We propose that during infancy control systems depend primarily upon a brain network involved in orienting to sensory events that includes areas of the parietal lobe and frontal eye fields. Studies of human adults and alert monkeys show that the brain network involved in orienting to sensory events is moderated primarily by the nicotinic cholinergic system arising in the nucleus basalis. The executive attention network is primarily moderated by dopaminergic input from the ventral tegmental area. A change from cholinergic to dopaminergic modulation would be a consequence of this switch of control networks and may be important in understanding early development. We trace the attentional, emotional and behavioral changes in early development related to this developmental change in regulative networks and their modulators.

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Genetic variation influences on the early development of reactive emotions and their regulation by attention

Abstract: These findings lend support to the early modulation of emotion by aspects of orienting (Time 1) and executive attention (Time 2), and indicate that emotional reactivity and its regulation are modulated by different genes.

Cited by 42 publications

References 55 publications

The Influence of Gestational Diabetes on Neurodevelopment of Children in the First Two Years of Life: A Prospective Study

The Influence of Gestational Diabetes on Neurodevelopment of Children in the First Two Years of Life: A Prospective Study

Developing Attention: Behavioral and Brain Mechanisms

Control networks and neuromodulators of early development.

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