This review compiles the results of a series of studies on Hatano high- and low-avoidance
animals (HAA and LAA, respectively) established at the Hatano Research Institute, Food and
Drug Safety Center, Japan. The HAA and LAA lines were selected and bred from Sprague
Dawley rats for high and low avoidance learning, respectively, in a shuttlebox task since
1985. Although Hatano rats were selected only based on their behavioral traits in the
active avoidance task, strain differences between the HAA and LAA lines were also observed
in their stress responses and reproductive functions. However, the most noticeable finding
of Hatano rats is a matched result in both active and passive avoidance tasks. The HAA and
LAA lines are useful for next-generation toxicological studies, because the hereditary
characters of behaviors or endocrine functions are well controlled.