Genetic variation in cultivated strains of Agaricus blazei

Abstract

Genetic differences among Agaricus blazei strains were investigated using somatic incompatibility testing, isozyme analysis, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Eight strains, one cultivated strain from Brazil and seven from Japan, were used in this study. Somatic incompatibility interactions were observed between the Brazilian cultivated strain and the Japanese strains. The Brazilian cultivated strain had its own distinct patterns of esterase isozyme and mtDNA RFLP, but all seven Japanese cultivated strains showed identical patterns. When the RAPD patterns, obtained using eight primers, were compared the eight strains had their own distinct RAPD profiles. Distance values were calculated between all pairs of the strains based on presence or absence of individual RAPD bands, and a dendrogram was constructed by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic clustering (UPGMA) analysis. Seven Japanese cultivated strains were grouped to each other, and this group was finally linked to the Brazilian cultivated strain. Based on these results, the degree of genetic variation among the A. blazei strains used is discussed.

AFLP analysis for examining genetic differences in cultivated strains and their single-spore isolates and for confirming successful crosses in Agaricus blazei

“…Previous RAPD analysis with eight of the nine strains used in this study and with eight primers detected four to ten DNA fragments per primer (Fukuda et al 2003), about one-sixth the number of DNA fragments per reaction as the present AFLP analysis. In comparison, AFLP analysis of 15 Japanese cultivated L. edodes strains of various fruiting season types produced a total of 190 AFLP bands and 113 polymorphic AFLP bands (59.5%, polymorphic/total bands) using four common primer combinations (E + AC/M + CA, E + AC/M + CC, E + AC/M + CG, and E + AT/M + CA) (Terashima et al 2002), which are also employed in this study.…”

“…All strains, except SA514, grouped together with distance values below 0.158, and this group was linked to SA514 with a value of 0.313. Dendrogram based on RAPD data have also been (Fukuda et al 2003). The dendrograms from both the analyses show that there are clear genetic differences between the Brazilian strain (SA514) and the Japanese cultivated strains.…”

“…All but SA555 also had been employed in a previous study (Fukuda et al 2003). These strains were kindly provided by cultivators in Brazil (SA514) and in Japan [Gifu (SA515, 516, 518, and SA527), Aich (SA517 and SA520), and Nagano (SA519 and SA555) prefectures].…”

“…These studies have provided important information on mushroom breeding. Although genetic variations among cultivated strains of A. blazei have been examined by random amplifi ed polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis (Colauto et al 2002;Fukuda et al 2003), additional information is necessary to understand the genetic variation and relatedness among breeding materials.…”

Introduction of mitochondrial DNA from Pleurotus ostreatus into Pleurotus pulmonarius by interspecific protoplast fusion

“…PCR was done as described previously 16 in a 25 µl reaction mixture containing 25 µg total DNA. Electrophoresis of amplification products was carried out on 1.4% agarose (Type S, Nippon Gene, Tokyo, Japan) slab gels in TAE (40mM-Tris/acetate, 10mM-EDTA, pH 8.0) at 5 V/cm for 2.5 h, before the gels were stained with ethidium bromide (0.5 µg/ml).…”