Genetic Variation among Avian Pathogenic E. coli Strains Isolated from Broiler Chickens

Eid, Hamza I.; Algamma, Abdelazeem M.; Nasef, Soad A.; Elfeil, Wael K.; Mansour, Ghada H.

doi:10.3923/ajava.2016.350.356

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…17,80,81 Generally, the MDR phenomenon is mainly attributed to the frequent and haphazard use of antibiotics as well as the encoding of some antibiotic resistance genes. [82][83][84][85][86][87][88] MRSA always exhibits resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents, including; penicillin, methicillin, oxacillin, cefoxitin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, amoxicillin-sulbactam, quinolones, macrolides, cephalosporins, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol. 2,89 MDR-MRSA always not affected by the first line of antibiotic treatment in most cases, many studies illustrated MRSA resistance to the new generations of antibiotics such as vancomycin, linezolid and daptomycin.…”

Section: Diseases Caused By Mrsamentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): One Health Perspective Approach to the Bacterium Epidemiology, Virulence Factors, Antibiotic-Resistance, and Zoonotic Impact

Algammal¹,

Hetta²,

Elkelish³

et al. 2020

IDR

242

161

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major human pathogen and a historically emergent zoonotic pathogen with public health and veterinary importance. In humans, MRSA commonly causes severe infectious diseases, including food poisoning, pyogenic endocarditis, suppurative pneumonia, otitis media, osteomyelitis, and pyogenic infections of the skin, soft tissues. In the horse, MRSA could cause a localized purulent infection and botryomycosis; in cattle and ewe, localized pyogenic infection and severe acute mastitis with marked toxemia; in sheep, abscess disease resembles caseous lymphadenitis caused by anaerobic strains; in dogs and cats, pustular dermatitis and food poisoning; in pig, exudative epidermatitis "greasy pig disease; in birds, MRSA causes bumble-foot. The methicillin resistance could be determined by PCR-based detection of the mecA gene as well as resistance to cefoxitin. In Egypt, MRSA is one of the important occasions of subclinical and clinical bovine mastitis, and the prevalence of MRSA varies by geographical region. In this review, we are trying to illustrate variable data about the host susceptibility, diseases, epidemiology, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, treatment, and control of MRSA infection.

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Section: Diseases Caused By Mrsamentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): One Health Perspective Approach to the Bacterium Epidemiology, Virulence Factors, Antibiotic-Resistance, and Zoonotic Impact

Algammal¹,

Hetta²,

Elkelish³

et al. 2020

IDR

242

161

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“…They produce two various potent types of Shiga-toxins; Stx1 and Stx2, and certain types of STEC have the ability to produce the intimin. The E. coli strains, which possess the eae A gene and do not produce stx 1 and stx 2 genes, were defined as Enteropathogenic E. coli [ 9 , 10 ]. The bacteriophages play a major role in the transmission of stx genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes Encoding the Virulence and the Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterotoxigenic and Shiga-toxigenic E. coli Isolated from Diarrheic Calves

Algammal

El-Kholy

Riad³

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Calf diarrhea is one of the considerable infectious diseases in calves, which results in tremendous economic losses globally. To determine the prevalence of Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC) and Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) incriminated in calf diarrhea, with special reference to Shiga- toxins genes (stx1 and stx2) and enterotoxins genes (lt and sta) that govern their pathogenesis, as well as the virulence genes; eaeA (intimin) and f41(fimbrial adhesion), and the screening of their antibiogram and antimicrobial resistance genes; aadB, sul1, and bla-TEM, a total of 274 fecal samples were collected (April 2018–Feb 2019) from diarrheic calves at different farms in El-Sharqia Governorate, Egypt. The bacteriological examination revealed that the prevalence of E. coli in diarrheic calves was 28.8%. The serotyping of the isolated E. coli revealed 7 serogroups; O26, O128, O111, O125, O45, O119 and O91. Furthermore, the Congo red binding test was carried out, where 89.8% of the examined strains (n = 71) were positive. The antibiogram of the isolated strains was investigated; the majority of E. coli serotypes exhibit multidrug resistance (MDR) to four antimicrobial agents; neomycin, gentamycin, streptomycin, and amikacin. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the prevalence of the virulence genes; stx1, stx2 lt, sta, f41 and eaeA, as well as the antimicrobial resistance genes; aadB, sul1, and bla-TEM. The prevalence of STEC was 20.2% (n = 16), while the prevalence of ETEC was 30.4% (n = 24). Briefly, the Shiga toxins genes; stx1 and stx2, are the most prevalent virulence genes associated with STEC, which are responsible for the pathogenesis of the disease and helped by the intimin gene (eaeA). In addition, the lt gene is the most prevalent enterotoxin gene accompanied by the ETEC strains, either alone or in combination with sta and/or f41 genes. The majority of pathogenic E. coli incriminated in calf diarrhea possesses the aadB resistance gene, followed by the sul1 gene. Enrofloxacin, florfenicol, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and ampicillin-sulbactam, are the most effective antimicrobial agents against the isolated STEC and ETEC strains.

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“…Poultry industry suffer from several pathogen threats in Egypt either bacterial like Salmonella, Pasteurella, Clostridium or viral types like Avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) or parasitic as coccidia and it associated with severe economic on the industry and human public heath impact (Algammal and Elfeil, 2015;Ayoub et al, 2019;Diab et al, 2019;Eid et al, 2016;Elhady et al, 2018;Sedeik et al, 2018;Sultan et al, 2019a;2019b). Salmonella consider one of the major bacterial threats affect poultry industry and associated with severe economic losses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antibiotics administration is an important tool in the reduction the incidence and mortalities associated with avian salmonellosis (Duarte et al, 2009). The recent reports highlighted the increased rate of MDR salmonella species which may correlate to the massive and improper usage of antimicrobial agents in human and veterinary medicine and it represent a global public health problem (Cruchaga et al, 2001;Mosalem, 2016) (Eid et al, 2016;Elfeil et al, 2016;Enany et al, 2018). The problem of MDR salmonella spread all over the world with higher prevalence rate in in the developing nations with no clear prevalence mapping to such genes (Eid et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Genotypic Analysis and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Species Isolated from Imported and Freshly Slaughtered Chicken

Elfeil¹,

Ezzat²,

Fathi³

et al. 2020

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Salmonellosis is a bacterial disease caused by different types of Salmonella species and associated with clinical disease in both human, birds and livestock species. Salmonellosis associated with severe economic impacts either from losses in poultry farm due to pathological picture losses, cost of medication, condemnation in slaughterhouse or zoonotic important. This study focused on the prevalence of Salmonellae in imported frozen and freshly slaughtered chicken in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. A total of 273 samples were collected from 66 examined birds (24 from Balady chickens "Native Bred", 23 from Broiler chicken and 19 from frozen chicken). Nineteen out of 66 chickens (6.95%) Salmonella species were isolated, representing: 10 from Balady (native bred) chicken (8.3%), eight from broiler chicken (7%) and one from imported frozen chicken (2.61%). The serotyping of the Salmonellae isolated from chickens as follow (5) (26.3%) S. typhimurium, (5) (26.3%) S. kentucky, (3) (15.8%) S. infantis (2) (10.5%) S. enteritidis, (2) (10.5%) S. tamale, (2) (10.5%) S. newport. PCR assay was carried out on nine serovars (2) S. enteritidis, (2) S. typhimurium, (2) S. kentucky, (1) S. infantis, (1) S. tamale, (1) S. newport detect the presence of InvA (invasion protein InvA), blaTEM (beta-lactamase TEM). aacC (Aminoglycoside N (3)-acetyltransferase IV), qepA (Quinolone efflux pump), tetA(A) (Tetracycline resistance protein, class D) and sul1(Dihydropteroate synthase type-1) genes, the percentage respectively was 100%, 100%, 33.3, 33.3%, 88.89%, 77.78% in examined Salmonella strains. The susceptibility of Salmonella serovars to chemotherapeutic agents showed high sensitivity to levofloxacin and gentamycin, but the highest resistance was to sulfamethoxazole. The increased prevalence rate of Salmonella species isolation from chicken and chicken meat carrying Multidrug Resistance (MDR) genes for commonly used antimicrobial agents, consider a critical threat for public health issues. Further studies are required to understand Salmonella spp epidemiology and to limit the spread of multidrug-resistant types.

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Genetic Variation among Avian Pathogenic E. coli Strains Isolated from Broiler Chickens

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

<p>Methicillin-Resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA): One Health Perspective Approach to the Bacterium Epidemiology, Virulence Factors, Antibiotic-Resistance, and Zoonotic Impact</p>

<p>Methicillin-Resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA): One Health Perspective Approach to the Bacterium Epidemiology, Virulence Factors, Antibiotic-Resistance, and Zoonotic Impact</p>

Genes Encoding the Virulence and the Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterotoxigenic and Shiga-toxigenic E. coli Isolated from Diarrheic Calves

Prevalence and Genotypic Analysis and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Species Isolated from Imported and Freshly Slaughtered Chicken

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