Genetic Variability and Interrelationship Among Opium and its Alkaloids in Opium Poppy (Papaver Somniferum L.)

Yadav, Hemant Kumar; Shukla, Sudhir; Singh, Surendra

doi:10.1007/s10681-006-9111-x

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Morphine is the main narcotic alkaloid of opium poppy and is in high demand (Yadav et al 2006). Mean morphine content of the Turkish cultivars was nearly twofold higher than landraces.…”

Section: Morphological Trait Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular genetic diversity and association mapping of morphine content and agronomic traits in Turkish opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) germplasm

et al. 2016

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As the sole plant source of many potent alkaloids, opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is an important medicinal crop. Nevertheless, few studies have characterized opium poppy germplasm with cropspecific molecular markers. Because Turkey is a diversity center for opium poppy, Turkish germplasm is a valuable genetic resource for association mapping studies aimed at identifying QTLs controlling morphine content and agronomic traits. In this study, the morphological diversity and molecular diversity of 103 Turkish opium poppy landraces and 15 cultivars were analyzed. Potentially useful morphological variation was observed for morphine content, plant height, and capsule index. However, the landraces exhibited limited breeding potential for stigma number, and seed and straw yields. Both morphological and molecular analyses showed distinct clustering of cultivars and landraces. In addition, a total of 164 SSR and 367 AFLP polymorphic loci were applied to an opium poppy association mapping panel composed of 95 opium poppy landraces which were grown for two seasons. One SSR and three AFLP loci were found to be significantly associated with morphine content (P \ 0.01 and LD value (r 2 ) = 0.10-0.32), and six SSR and 14 AFLP loci were significantly associated with five agronomic traits (plant height, stigma number, capsule index, and seed and straw yields) (P \ 0.01 and LD value (r 2 ) = 0.08-0.35). This is the first report of association mapping in this crop. The identified markers provide initial information for marker-assisted selection of important traits in opium poppy breeding.

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“…Morphine is the main narcotic alkaloid of opium poppy and is in high demand (Yadav et al 2006). Mean morphine content of the Turkish cultivars was nearly twofold higher than landraces.…”

Section: Morphological Trait Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular genetic diversity and association mapping of morphine content and agronomic traits in Turkish opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) germplasm

et al. 2016

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“…Other morphological features with a certain effect on morphine production are the weight of the deseeded capsule, plant height etc. (Srivastava and Sharma 1987, Singh et al 2003, Yadav et al 2006). The traits of large collection of poppy were evaluated (except of alkaloids content) by Brezinova et al (2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of morphine and variability of significant characters of Papaver somniferum L.

Matyášová¹,

Novák²,

Stranska³

et al. 2011

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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423The decisive factor of those that affect production and accumulation of pharmaceutically important alkaloid morphine (and other alkaloids) by Papaver somniferum L. is the cultivar with genetic fixation of alkaloid biosynthesis which is explain by Balážová and Pšenák (1998); the cultivar is therefore a limiting factor for economically beneficial harvest of this poppy product. Significant is the combination of efficiency of the cultivar and a climatically favourable vegetation period. It generally applies, that a warm vegetation period acts negatively on the formation of lipids due to negative correlation between lipid and protein contents with a subsequent increase of content of proteins -morphine precursors. A low effect on the morphine content in the plant is that of soil conditions and agricultural technology. A drop of morphine content can be caused by diseases (especially fungal diseases), attack by plant pests and the effect of other unfavourable factors. There is for example water stress in germination (Mahdavi-Damghani et al. 2010) or influence of heavy metals (Lachman et al. 2006). In an effort to increase the plant efficiency, the influence of nitrogenous fertilization, application of morphologic regulators, fungicides, seed calibration etc. is checked. The main goal in Europe in the long run was to breed poppy of universal type, i.e. with high seed yield of suitable (usually blue) colour and concurrently with high morphine content in Production of morphine and variability of significant characters of Papaver somniferum L. ABSTRACTOpium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is currently an important agricultural commodity, with the product being used in the food industry (seed) as well as in the pharmaceutical industry (morphine and other alkaloids). Intensive production of poppy leads to a specific direction of breeding with the aim to obtain highly productive cultivars of the so-called food industry or industrial type. The paper evaluates 57 genetic resources (mostly cultivars), comparing the groups of values representing the indicators of production-significant morphologic and agricultural characters (capsule size; morphine content in poppy straw; weight of dry, empty capsule) and content of morphine in the poppy straw, in relation to the ideotype of poppy, which in these indicators represents 100% of the value. On average lower values in the above indicators were achieved by cultivars with white-coloured seed, including morphine content; concrete data are specified in three cultivars with morphine content in the poppy straw above 0.40%. In blue-seed to grey-seed cultivars, except for the high-morphine cultivar Buddha (1.85% of morphine), we found only six materials with a minimum morphine content of 0.8% in the poppy straw (maximum of 0.92%). These genetic resources also achieved very good values in the morphological indicator and average value in the economic indicator. The results will be used in the selection and classification of suitable genetic resources of poppy in breeding of industrial forms.

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“…Regional studies also usually solve issues of local cultivars (for example Azcan et al, 2004) from the point of seed production and oil content. Undoubtedly there are studies regarding the genetic variability of the poppy in terms of production and its alkaloid composition of opium, including their mutual relations (Yadav et al, 2006). The planting was done in the 3-m long rows with rowto-row and plant-to-plant distances of 25 and 12.5 cm, respectively (manual seeding at the depth of 0.5 cm in the period from 4th to 14th April; 1.2 kg.ha -1 seeding rate; fertilized 80 kg N.ha -1 in LAD; singling at stage 3 and 4 of true leaves).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Selected Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Cultivars: Industrial Aspect

Skalický¹,

Hejnák²,

Novák³

et al. 2014

Turkish Journal of Field Crops

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Fifty-six genotypes (usually cultivars) of various origins, from twelve countries, were analysed for morphine production and significant characteristics of the capsule. The Saaty's method was used to analyse the aspect of morphine production and significant characteristics of the capsule, comparing those values representing significant indicators for that production and the content of morphine in poppy straw. This covered the relation to ideotype ('ideotype cultivar') of poppy, with 100% values in the monitored indicators. In the case of white-seed poppies, generally with a lower content of morphine, in three cultivars (´Pulawski bialy´, ´Bělosemenný´, ´Bulharský slepák bílý´) the value of the industrial indicator was determine over 50% and the content of morphine over 0.50% in the poppy straw. In the set of blue-seed cultivars with three production levels, four cultivars were found with values exceeding 80% of the industrial indicator and morphine in poppy straw over 0.90%. In the set of grey-seed cultivars, four production levels were identified based on the values of morphine and the industrial indicator, while the first two showed good values for production -at least 0.52% of morphine in poppy straw and 50% of the industrial indicator (for example ´Soproni tef´, ´Šarišský´).

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Genetic Variability and Interrelationship Among Opium and its Alkaloids in Opium Poppy (Papaver Somniferum L.)

Cited by 39 publications

References 15 publications

Molecular genetic diversity and association mapping of morphine content and agronomic traits in Turkish opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) germplasm

Molecular genetic diversity and association mapping of morphine content and agronomic traits in Turkish opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) germplasm

Production of morphine and variability of significant characters of Papaver somniferum L.

Evaluation of Selected Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Cultivars: Industrial Aspect

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