Genetic testing for exercise prescription and injury prevention: AIS-Athlome consortium-FIMS joint statement

Vlahovich, Nicole; Hughes, David; Griffiths, Lyn R.; Wang, Guan; Pitsiladis, Yannis; Pigozzi, Fabio; Bachl, Nobert; Eynon, Nir

doi:10.1186/s12864-017-4185-5

Cited by 28 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…In recent years, there has been considerable growth in the understanding of how genes and their expression are influencing the response to exercise training and the predisposition to sustain sports-related injuries [29]. Based on this rising knowledge, direct-to-the-consumer genetic testing is currently available on the market [30] aiming to optimize physical conditioning and to provide more effective injury prevention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the ACTN3 R577X genotype on the injury epidemiology of marathon runners

et al. 2020

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A common single nucleotide polymorphism in the ACTN3 gene might result in the complete deficiency of α-actinin-3 (i.e., XX genotype). It has been found that ACTN3 XX individuals have several traits related to lessened muscle performance. This study aimed to determine the influence, if any, of ACTN3 genotypes on injury incidence of marathoners during the year preceding to participating in a competitive marathon race. Using a cross-sectional experimental design, the type and conditions of sports injuries were documented for one year in a group of 139 marathoners. Injuries were recorded following a consensus statement on injuries in Athletics. Afterward, ACTN3 genotyping was performed, and injury epidemiology was compared among RR, RX, and XX genotypes. The distribution of the RR/RX/XX genotypes was 28.8/42.8/23.5%, respectively. A total of 67 injuries were recorded. The frequency of marathoners that reported any injury during the previous year was not different across the genotypes (55.0/38.8/40.6%, P = 0.241). Although the overall injury incidence was not different among genotypes (2.78/1.65/1.94 injuries/1000 h of running, P = 0.084), the likelihood of suffering an injury was higher in RR than in RX (OR = 1.93: 95%CI = 0.87-4.30), and higher than in XX (OR = 1.79: 0.70-4.58). There was no difference in the conditions, severity, body location, time of year, or leading cause of injury among genotypes. However, XX presented a higher frequency of sudden-onset injuries (P = 0.024), and the OR for muscle-type injuries was 2.0 (0.51-7.79) times higher compared to RR runners. Although XX marathoners did not have a higher overall incidence of injury, the OR in these runners for muscle-type injuries was superior to RR and RX runners. The likelihood of suffering a muscle injury, especially with a sudden-onset, was twice in XX than in RR endurance runners.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the ACTN3 R577X genotype on the injury epidemiology of marathon runners

et al. 2020

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“…Other ethical concerns that arise from the notion of genetic testing for TID purposes are the restricting of participation options, early specialisation risks, and potentially missing out on other opportunities that could provide enjoyment [ 139 ]. However, what genetic testing can be used for is guiding interventions that could reduce injury and improve an individual’s health [ 137 , 140 ].…”

Section: Ethical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of Genetic Markers in Talent Identification and Athlete Assessment in Elite Sport

Jacob

Spiteri

Hart

et al. 2018

Sports

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In elite sporting codes, the identification and promotion of future athletes into specialised talent pathways is heavily reliant upon objective physical, technical, and tactical characteristics, in addition to subjective coach assessments. Despite the availability of a plethora of assessments, the dependence on subjective forms of identification remain commonplace in most sporting codes. More recently, genetic markers, including several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been correlated with enhanced aerobic capacity, strength, and an overall increase in athletic ability. In this review, we discuss the effects of a number of candidate genes on athletic performance, across single-skilled and multifaceted sporting codes, and propose additional markers for the identification of motor skill acquisition and learning. While displaying some inconsistencies, both the ACE and ACTN3 polymorphisms appear to be more prevalent in strength and endurance sporting teams, and have been found to correlate to physical assessments. More recently, a number of polymorphisms reportedly correlating to athlete performance have gained attention, however inconsistent research design and varying sports make it difficult to ascertain the relevance to the wider sporting population. In elucidating the role of genetic markers in athleticism, existing talent identification protocols may significantly improve—and ultimately enable—targeted resourcing in junior talent pathways.

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“…However, it is difficult to extrapolate from these studies to other populations. Sex differences also must be considered to improve the application of genetic tests to the broader community [143]. Addressing these areas and concerns are critical to implement genome sequencing in clinical practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personalized Nutrition for Management of Micronutrient Deficiency—Literature Review in Non-bariatric Populations and Possible Utility in Bariatric Cohort

2020

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Background Bariatric surgery can effectively treat morbid obesity; however, micronutrient deficiencies are common despite recommendations for high-dose supplements. Genetic predisposition to deficiencies underscores necessary identification of high-risk candidates. Personalized nutrition (PN) can be a tool to manage these deficiencies. Methods Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched. Articles involving genetic testing, micronutrient metabolism, and bariatric surgery were included. Results Studies show associations between genetic variants and micronutrient metabolism. Research demonstrates genetic testing to be a predictor for outcomes among obesity and bariatric surgery populations. There is limited research in bariatric surgery and micronutrient genetic variants. Conclusion Genotype-based PN is becoming feasible to provide an effective treatment of micronutrient deficiencies associated with bariatric surgery. The role of genomic technology in micronutrient recommendations needs further investigation.

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Genetic testing for exercise prescription and injury prevention: AIS-Athlome consortium-FIMS joint statement

Cited by 28 publications

References 80 publications

Influence of the ACTN3 R577X genotype on the injury epidemiology of marathon runners

Influence of the ACTN3 R577X genotype on the injury epidemiology of marathon runners

The Potential Role of Genetic Markers in Talent Identification and Athlete Assessment in Elite Sport

Personalized Nutrition for Management of Micronutrient Deficiency—Literature Review in Non-bariatric Populations and Possible Utility in Bariatric Cohort

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