Genetic structure of the snakehead murrel, Channa striata (channidae) based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene: influence of historical and geomorphological factors

Abstract

Nucleotide sequences of a partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene were used to assess the manner in which historical processes and geomorphological effects may have influenced genetic structuring and phylogeographic patterns in Channa striata. Assaying was based on individuals from twelve populations in four river systems, which were separated into two regions, the eastern and western, of the biodiversely rich state of Perak in central Peninsular Malaysia. In 238 specimens, a total of 368-bp sequences with ten polymorphic sites and eleven unique haplotypes were detected. Data on all the twelve populations revealed incomplete divergence due to past historical coalescence and the short period of separation. Nevertheless, SAMOVA and FST revealed geographical structuring existed to a certain extent in both regions. For the eastern region, the data also showed that the upstream populations were genetically significantly different compared to the mid- and downstream ones. It is inferred that physical barriers and historical processes played a dominant role in structuring the genetic dispersal of the species. A further inference is that the Grik, Tanjung Rambutan and Sungkai are potential candidates for conservation and aquaculture programmes since they contained most of the total diversity in this area.

Species delimitation with gene flow: A methodological comparison and population genomics approach to elucidate cryptic species boundaries in Malaysian Torrent Frogs

“…However, it is worth noting that gene flow between Larutensis on the northwestern mountain range and the geographically proximate W1 and W2 populations on the central range were the most reduced ( N m = 0.3). We interpret this as an indication of incipient speciation triggered by recent and rapid human development and the disruption of habitat corridors along the Bintang–Kledang range, a small mountain range situated between the northwestern and central mountain ranges (Jamaluddin, Pau, & Siti‐Azizah, ; Khoo & Lubis, ). Given sufficient time, Larutensis's lower long‐term migration rates could lead this population to qualify as a species separate from the other western populations.…”

PCR-RFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene among Haruan (Channa striatus) in Malaysia

“…Detailed knowledge of the genetic diversity and population genetics of C. striatus is needed for sound management, conservation, stock identification, and successful farming of the species. Haruan, the local name for the snakehead C. striatus, is an obligate freshwater fish of the family Channidae that has important economic value as a food fish, and has pharmacological properties as well as medicinal value (Mat Jais, 1991, 2007a, 2007bRahim et al, 2009;Jamaluddin et al, 2011). C. striatus can be morphologically distinguished based on coloration, meristics, and morphometrics (Mat Jais, 1991;Rahim et al, 2009), the distribution of scales on the underside of the lower jaw, the morphology of the suprabranchial organs, and a sharp pointed ridge at the mid-ventral part of the isthmus (Vishwanath and Geetakymari, 2009).…”

“…C. striatus can be morphologically distinguished based on coloration, meristics, and morphometrics (Mat Jais, 1991;Rahim et al, 2009), the distribution of scales on the underside of the lower jaw, the morphology of the suprabranchial organs, and a sharp pointed ridge at the mid-ventral part of the isthmus (Vishwanath and Geetakymari, 2009). The wild type is found in small rivers, lakes, pools, and shallow water bodies where agro-chemicals are applied in their natural habitats; they can survive in harsh environments with low levels of dissolved oxygen and high ammonia levels (Rahim et al, 2009;Jamaluddin et al, 2011). In particular, C. striatus has a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 42, with a karyotype composed of 6 metacentric, 2 acrocentric, and 34 telocentric chromosomes, NF = 50, without heteromorphic sex chromosomes (Supiwong et al, 2009).…”

“…It has been widely used in molecular marker techniques for many applications to assess intra-or interspecies genetic diversity, genetic variation, phylogeography, species and hybrid identification, phylogeny in numerous species and genera, population genetic structure, conservation, and demographic history (Hsu et al, 2009;Li et al, 2009;Ma et al, 2010;Thangaraj and Lipton, 2010). Due to the potential of C. striatus, studies have analyzed the genetics of this species at the morphological, biological, dietary, physiological, biochemical composition, ecological, and chromosomal level for breeding programs, and the medical and pharmaceutical activities for its anti-microbial, antiinflammatory, cell proliferation, induction of platelet aggregation, and anti-nociceptive properties (Mat Jais, 2007b;Rahim et al, 2009;Supiwong et al, 2009;Dahlan-Daud et al, 2010;Jamaluddin et al, 2011). In recent years, preliminary analysis of C. striatus populations has been carried out based on different molecular markers, such as analysis of mitochondrial mtDNA (Abol-Munafi et al, 2007;Lakra et al, 2010;Jamaluddin et al, 2011), randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD; Ambak et al, 2006), and allozyme markers (Hara et al, 1998).…”

“…Due to the potential of C. striatus, studies have analyzed the genetics of this species at the morphological, biological, dietary, physiological, biochemical composition, ecological, and chromosomal level for breeding programs, and the medical and pharmaceutical activities for its anti-microbial, antiinflammatory, cell proliferation, induction of platelet aggregation, and anti-nociceptive properties (Mat Jais, 2007b;Rahim et al, 2009;Supiwong et al, 2009;Dahlan-Daud et al, 2010;Jamaluddin et al, 2011). In recent years, preliminary analysis of C. striatus populations has been carried out based on different molecular markers, such as analysis of mitochondrial mtDNA (Abol-Munafi et al, 2007;Lakra et al, 2010;Jamaluddin et al, 2011), randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD; Ambak et al, 2006), and allozyme markers (Hara et al, 1998). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) has proven to be a successful method for studying the population genetic structure and differentiation of many fish, such as skipjack tuna (Menezes et al, 2006), scad mackerel (Arnaud et al, 1999), tilapia (Espinosa-Lemus et al, 2009), arctic grayling (Redenbach and Taylor, 1999), and salmon (King et al, 2000).…”