Genetic structure of natural populations of the relict species Aristolochia manshuriensis (Aristolochiaceae) in disturbed and intact habitats

Koren, O. G.; Nakonechnaya, O. V.; Zhuravlev, Yu. N.

doi:10.1134/s1022795409060076

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Analyses of allozyme polymorphisms in populations of A. manshuriensis in Russia were first reported using molecular markers to estimate the genetic variation in the Aristolochiaceae family; a low degree of genetic variability between populations but a high one within populations were reported for this species (Koren et al 2009). High genetic variability within populations and low variability between populations are indicative of a reproductive allogamous pattern (Loveless and Hamrick 1984;Hamrick and Godt 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pollination biology and genetic variability of a giant perfumed flower (Aristolochia giganteaMart. and Zucc., Aristolochiaceae) visited mainly by small Diptera

Hipólito

Felipe

Schnadelbach

et al. 2012

Botany

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The genus Aristolochia presents conserved features in its basic structural plan of trap flowers and in its pollination syndrome. Visitors, usually flies, are attracted to the rotting-meat scented flowers and remain trapped until the second day, when the protogynous flowers release them. Aristolochia gigantea Mart. and Zucc showed many of these floral traits but display a citronella-like odour, giving the opportunity to study the reproductive ecology in this atypical species. Characteristics and behavior of pollinators, coupled with the distances between individual plants and populations, are important factors in patterns of genetic diversity. Thus, our objectives were to study the flower visitors, reproductive success, and gene flow in A. gigantea in the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil. Results suggest that pollination by flies remains as a conserved interaction within the genus Aristolochia. The main pollinators appeared to be Megaselia spp. (Phoridae), evidenced primarily by the frequency of their occurrence within flowers and the transference of compatible pollen. On the other hand, the moderate to low levels of intrapopulation genetic variability found in A. gigantea, combined with low effective pollination and its reproductive dependence on biotic vectors, indicate that this species may be suffering gene erosion in the remaining populations located at Chapada Diamantina.Résumé : Le genre Aristolochia comporte des particularités conservées dans son plan structural de base de fleurs pièges et dans son syndrome de pollinisation. Les visiteurs, habituellement des mouches, sont attirés vers les fleurs à odeur de viande pourrie et demeurent piégées pendant deux jours, avant que les fleurs protogynes les relâchent. L'Aristolochia gigantea Mart. et Zucc montre plusieurs de ces traits floraux, mais dispense une odeur rappelant la citronnelle, ce qui ouvre la possibilité d'étudier l'écologie reproductive de cette espèce atypique. Les caractéristiques et le comportement des pollinisateurs, couplées avec les distances entre les plantes individuelles et les populations, constituent d'importants facteurs pour le patron de diversité génétique. Ainsi, les objectifs du groupe ont consisté à étudier les visiteurs des fleurs, le succès reproductif et le flux de gènes chez l'A. gigantea, dans la région de Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, au Brésil. Les résultats suggèrent que la pollinisation par les mouches fait l'objet d'une interaction conservée dans le genre Aristolochia. Les principaux pollinisateurs semblent appartenir au genre Megaselia (Phoridae), ce que supporte principalement la fréquence de leur présence dans les fleurs ainsi que le transfert de pollen compatible. En plus, le degré faible à modéré de variabilité génétique intrapopulation retrouvé chez l'A. gigantea, combiné avec le faible degré réel de pollinisation ainsi que sa dépendance reproductive sur des vecteurs biotiques, indique que cette espèce pourrait souffrir d'une érosion génétique chez les populations résiduelles du Chapada Diamantina.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pollination biology and genetic variability of a giant perfumed flower (Aristolochia giganteaMart. and Zucc., Aristolochiaceae) visited mainly by small Diptera

Hipólito

Felipe

Schnadelbach

et al. 2012

Botany

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“…Furthermore, we can design effective markers for clarifying the phylogenetic relationships of Aristolochia and elucidating the evolutionary history of species complex of Aristolochia at the population level, based on the analysis of SSR and SNP sites. Understanding genetic variation within and between populations plays an important role in improving genetic diversity and is essential for future adaptive changes, reproduction patterns, and its conservation [ 20 , 54 , 55 ]. The cpDNA and B-class gene PISTILLATA ( PI ) have been used to investigate taxonomy at the species complex, such as Aristolochia kaempferi group, and these studies revealed that its DNA barcoding and taxonomy are difficult to assess for multiple hybridization and introgression events in the group [ 56 , 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Chloroplast Genomes and Comparative Analysis of Sequences Evolution among Seven Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) Medicinal Species

Zuo

Zhu

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Aristolochiaceae, comprising about 600 species, is a unique plant family containing aristolochic acids (AAs). In this study, we sequenced seven species of Aristolochia, and retrieved eleven chloroplast (cp) genomes published for comparative genomics analysis and phylogenetic constructions. The results show that the cp genomes had a typical quadripartite structure with conserved genome arrangement and moderate divergence. The cp genomes range from 159,308 bp to 160,520 bp in length and have a similar GC content of 38.5%–38.9%. A total number of 113 genes were identified, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs and four rRNAs. Although genomic structure and size were highly conserved, the IR-SC boundary regions were variable between these seven cp genomes. The trnH-GUG genes, are one of major differences between the plastomes of the two subgenera Siphisia and Aristolochia. We analyzed the features of nucleotide substitutions, distribution of repeat sequences and simple sequences repeats (SSRs), positive selections in the cp genomes, and identified 16 hotspot regions for genomes divergence that could be utilized as potential markers for phylogeny reconstruction. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Aristolochiaceae inferred from the 18 cp genome sequences were consistent and robust, using maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), and Bayesian analysis (BI) methods.

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“…One can assume that high viable fruit set (Nakonechnaya et al 2014) and high percentage of seed germination, which germinate without cold stratification , as well as certain level of heterozygosity in populations of A. manshuriensis (Koren et al 2009) contribute to maintaining the number of plants in natural populations of this species. Although there is the possibility of self-pollination by insects, no inbreeding at species level in natural populations was observed (Koren et al 2009). This indicates that events of self-pollination in A. manshuriensis are rare and do not increase genetic load.…”

Section: Insect Rearingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor fruit set due to lack of pollinators in Aristolochia manshuriensis (Aristolochiaceae)

Nakonechnaya¹,

Koren²,

Sidorenko³

et al. 2021

Pl. Ecol. Evol.

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Background and aims – Interactions of insects with trap flowers of Aristolochia manshuriensis, a relic woody liana with fragmented natural populations from south-eastern Russia, were studied. Pollination experiments were conducted to identify the causes of the poor fruit set in this plant.Material and methods – The study was carried out at two ex situ sites within the natural range of A. manshuriensis in the suburban zone of the city of Vladivostok (Russia). The floral morphology was examined to verify how it may affect the process of pollination in this species. To test for a probability of self-pollination, randomly selected flowers at the female phase of anthesis (day 1 of limb opening) were hand-pollinated with pollen from the same plant. The daily insect visitation was studied. The pollen limitation coefficient and the number of visitors to the flowers were determined. To identify insects that lay eggs on the flowers, the insects were reared from eggs collected from fallen flowers. Both caught and reared insects were identified.Key results – The floral morphology and the colour pattern of A. manshuriensis are adapted to temporarily trap insects of a certain size. The hand-pollination experiment showed that flowers of this plant are capable of self-pollination by geitonogamy and require a pollinator for successful pollination. The positive value (2.64) for the pollen limitation coefficient indicates a higher fruit set after hand-pollination compared to the control without pollination. The number of visitors to the flowers was low (0.17 visitors per flower per day). Insects from three orders were observed on the flowers: Diptera (up to 90.9%), Coleoptera (8.3%), and Hymenoptera (0.8%). Four species of flies (Scaptomyza pallida, Drosophila transversa (Drosophilidae), Botanophila fugax, and Botanophila sp. 1 (Anthomyiidae)) are capable of transferring up to 2500–4000 pollen grains on their bodies and can be considered as pollinators of A. manshuriensis. Data of the rearing experiment indicate that flies of the families Drosophilidae (S. pallida, D. transversa), Chloropidae (Elachiptera tuberculifera, E. sibirica, and Conioscinella divitis), and Anthomyiidae (B. fugax, B. sp. 1) use A. manshuriensis flowers to lay eggs. Beetles were also collected from the flowers, but they were probably not involved in pollination, because no pollen grains were observed on them during our study.Conclusions – Pollinators of A. manshuriensis include mainly Diptera that lay eggs on the flowers. The poor fruit set (2%) in A. manshuriensis is associated with pollen limitation due to the lack of pollinators, as the number of visitors to flowers was extremely low. This may be due to the fact that the flowers of this species are highly specialized on insects of a certain size for pollination.

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Genetic structure of natural populations of the relict species Aristolochia manshuriensis (Aristolochiaceae) in disturbed and intact habitats

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Pollination biology and genetic variability of a giant perfumed flower (Aristolochia giganteaMart. and Zucc., Aristolochiaceae) visited mainly by small Diptera

Pollination biology and genetic variability of a giant perfumed flower (Aristolochia giganteaMart. and Zucc., Aristolochiaceae) visited mainly by small Diptera

Complete Chloroplast Genomes and Comparative Analysis of Sequences Evolution among Seven Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) Medicinal Species

Poor fruit set due to lack of pollinators in Aristolochia manshuriensis (Aristolochiaceae)

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